Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China.
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 May 30;153:68-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.050. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
Laboratory analysis of trace metals using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy is not cost effective, and the complex spatial distribution of soil trace metals makes their spatial analysis and prediction problematic. Thus, for the health risk assessment of exposure to trace metals in soils, portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectroscopy was used to replace ICP spectroscopy for metal analysis, and robust geostatistical methods were used to identify spatial outliers in trace metal concentrations and to map trace metal distributions. A case study was carried out around an industrial area in Nanjing, China. The results showed that PXRF spectroscopy provided results for trace metal (Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) levels comparable to ICP spectroscopy. The results of the health risk assessment showed that Ni posed a higher non-carcinogenic risk than Cu, Pb and Zn, indicating a higher priority of concern than the other elements. Sampling locations associated with adverse health effects were identified as 'hotspots', and high-risk areas were delineated from risk maps. These 'hotspots' and high-risk areas were in close proximity to and downwind from petrochemical plants, indicating the dominant role of industrial activities as the major sources of trace metals in soils. The approach used in this study could be adopted as a cost-effective methodology for screening 'hotspots' and priority areas of concern for cost-efficient health risk management.
使用电感耦合等离子体（ICP）光谱法对痕量金属进行实验室分析不具有成本效益，而土壤痕量金属复杂的空间分布使得对其进行空间分析和预测变得复杂。因此，为了对土壤中暴露于痕量金属的健康风险进行评估，本研究采用便携式 X 射线荧光（PXRF）光谱法替代 ICP 光谱法进行金属分析，并使用稳健的地质统计方法来识别痕量金属浓度的空间异常值，并绘制痕量金属分布地图。在中国南京的一个工业区周围进行了一项案例研究。结果表明，PXRF 光谱法提供的痕量金属（Cu、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）水平结果与 ICP 光谱法相当。健康风险评估结果表明，Ni 比 Cu、Pb 和 Zn 具有更高的非致癌风险，表明其受到的关注比其他元素更高。与不良健康影响相关的采样地点被确定为“热点”，并从风险图中划定了高风险区域。这些“热点”和高风险区域与石化厂位置接近且处于下风方向，表明工业活动是土壤中痕量金属的主要来源。本研究中采用的方法可以作为一种具有成本效益的方法，用于筛选“热点”和优先关注的区域，以进行具有成本效益的健康风险管理。
