Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Sea Level Solutions Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33139, USA.
Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Sea Level Solutions Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33139, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Apr 1;211:164-176. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.025. Epub 2018 Feb 4.
Since the 1880s, hydrological modification of the Greater Florida Everglades has reduced water levels and flows in Everglades National Park (ENP). The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Program (CERP) began in 2000 to restore pre-drainage flows and preserve the natural landscape of the Everglades. However, sea-level rise (SLR) was not considered in the development of CERP. We used long-term data (2001-2016) from the Florida Coastal Everglades-Long Term Ecological Research Program to quantify and model the spatial dynamics of water levels, salinity, and nutrients in response to changes in climate, freshwater management and SLR in the Shark River Slough (SRS), ENP. Results indicate that fresh-to-marine head difference (FMHD) was the single most important factor affecting marine-to-freshwater hydrologic connectivity and transport of salinity and phosphorous upstream from the Gulf of Mexico. Sea-level has increasingly exceeded ground surface elevation at the most downstream freshwater site in SRS, thereby reducing the FMHD. We showed a higher impact of SLR in the dry season when there was practically no freshwater inflow to raise FMHD. We also demonstrated effectiveness of inflow depends more on the monthly distribution than the total annual volume. Hence, the impact per unit volume of inflow is significantly higher in the dry season in preventing high salinity and marine-derived nutrient levels. We advocate that FMHD needs to be factored into water management decisions to reduce adverse and likely irreversible effects of SLR throughout the Everglades landscape.
自 19 世纪 80 年代以来，大佛罗里达大沼泽地的水文调节减少了埃弗格莱兹国家公园（ENP）的水位和流量。综合大沼泽地恢复计划（CERP）于 2000 年开始，以恢复排水前的水流并保护大沼泽地的自然景观。然而，海平面上升（SLR）在 CERP 的制定中并未被考虑。我们使用了佛罗里达沿海大沼泽地长期生态研究计划（FL-CERP）的长期数据（2001-2016 年），以量化和模拟水水位、盐度和养分的空间动态，以响应气候变化、淡水管理和 SRS 中的 SLR 的变化，ENP。结果表明，淡水到海水的水头差（FMHD）是影响墨西哥湾上游海洋到淡水水力连通性和盐度及磷运输的最重要因素。海平面已经超过了 SRS 最下游淡水点的地面高程，从而降低了 FMHD。我们表明，在几乎没有淡水流入来提高 FMHD 的旱季，SLR 的影响更大。我们还证明了流入的有效性更多地取决于每月的分布，而不是全年的总量。因此，在旱季，每单位体积流入的影响在防止高盐度和海洋来源养分水平方面要高得多。我们主张将 FMHD 纳入水管理决策中，以减少整个大沼泽地景观中 SLR 的不利和可能不可逆转的影响。
