Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Apr 1;211:225-237. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.054. Epub 2018 Feb 4.
In the present work, the sonocatalytic degradation of sodium isopropyl xanthate (SIPX) was investigated in the presence of CuS nanoparticles. CuS nanoparticles were produced by means of a high-energy planetary mechanical ball milling method within the processing times of 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 h. The physical and chemical characteristics of CuS particles were studied before and after ball milling process using various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and nanoparticles size distribution (NSD). The XRD pattern of the samples confirmed the presence of tetragonal and cubic crystalline phases of CuS. In addition, the results of SEM and NSD analysis showed that the increase in the ball milling time from 0.5 to 4.5 h notably decreased the size of nanoparticles to the range of 20-40 nm. Furthermore, AAS result showed that the concentration of Cu ions was much lower than that of the accepted value in the aqueous media (0.009 mg/L) after 60 min of the sonocatalysis. The study on the effects of the main key parameters showed that 93.99% of SIPX (10 mg/L) was removed during 60 min of the sonocatalytic process under the optimum conditions: pH of 7.3, CuS concentration of 1.5 g/L, and ultrasonic power of 150 W. The sonocatalytic degradation mechanism was thoroughly examined in the presence of different organic and inorganic scavenger compounds, including ethanol, EDTA, NaCl and NaSO. The obtained results confirmed OH and holes (h) as the dominant oxidizing species in CuS catalyzed sonolysis. In order to get the benefits of the integrated sonocatalytic process, different rate enhancing compounds were introduced into the system. For the first time, the SO and CuS catalyzed sonolysis (US/CuS/SO) system was introduced as an efficient and novel sonocatalytic system for fast degradation of SIPX. Moreover, the phyto-toxicological assessments proved the reduction in the toxicity of the sonocatalytic-treated SIPX solution by increase in the reaction time, from 20 to 60 min.
在本工作中，研究了在 CuS 纳米粒子存在下超声催化降解异丙基黄原酸钠（SIPX）。CuS 纳米粒子通过高能行星机械球磨法在 0.5、1.5、3 和 4.5 h 的加工时间内制备。使用各种分析技术，包括 X 射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）耦合能谱（EDX）、原子吸收光谱（AAS）和纳米颗粒尺寸分布（NSD），研究了球磨前后 CuS 颗粒的物理化学性质。样品的 XRD 图谱证实了 CuS 存在四方和立方晶相。此外，SEM 和 NSD 分析结果表明，球磨时间从 0.5 小时增加到 4.5 小时，纳米颗粒的尺寸显著减小到 20-40nm 范围。此外，AAS 结果表明，在声催化 60 分钟后，Cu 离子的浓度远低于水介质中可接受的值（0.009mg/L）（0.009mg/L）。在不同的主要关键参数的影响的研究表明，93.99%的SIPX（10mg/L）在声催化过程中被去除在 60 分钟的最佳条件下：pH 值为 7.3，CuS 浓度为 1.5g/L，超声功率为 150W。在不同的有机和无机清除剂化合物，包括乙醇、EDTA、NaCl 和 NaSO 的存在下，彻底研究了声催化降解机制。获得的结果证实了 OH 和空穴（h）是 CuS 催化超声空化中占主导地位的氧化物种。为了获得集成声催化过程的好处，向系统中引入了不同的速率增强化合物。首次提出了 SO 和 CuS 催化超声（US/CuS/SO）体系作为一种快速降解 SIPX 的高效、新颖的声催化体系。此外，植物毒理学评估证明了随着反应时间从 20 分钟增加到 60 分钟，声催化处理后的 SIPX 溶液的毒性降低。
