Neves Fernando Bueno, Arnold Graham P, Nasir Sadiq, Wang Weijie, MacDonald Calum, Christie Ian, Abboud Rami J
Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Institute of Motion Analysis and Research (IMAR), Tayside Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Technology (TORT) Centre, Postgraduate Division, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
Forensic Sci Int. 2018 Mar;284:176-183. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
According to the College of Podiatry, footprints rank among the most frequent forms of evidence found at crime scenes, and the recent ascension of forensic podiatry reflects the importance of footwear and barefoot traces in contemporary forensic practice. In this context, this pilot study focused on whether it is possible to distinguish between walking and running states using parameters derived from two-dimensional foot or shoe prints. Eleven subjects moved along four tracks (barefoot walking; barefoot running; footwear walking; footwear running) while having their bare feet or footwear stained with artificial blood and their footstep patterns recorded. Contact stains and associated bloodstain patterns were collected, and body movements were recorded through three-dimensional motion capture. Barefoot walking prints were found to be larger than barefoot static prints (1.789±0.481cm; p<0.001) and barefoot running prints (0.635±0.405cm; p=0.006). No correlation was observed for footwear prints. Running trials were more associated with the presence of both passive and cast off stains than walking trials, and the quantity of additional associated stains surrounding individual foot and shoe prints was also higher in running states. Furthermore, a previously proposed equation predicted speed with a high degree of accuracy (within 6%) and may be used for clinical assessment of walking speed. Contact stains, associated bloodstain patterns and stride length measurements may serve to ascertain state of motion in real crime scene scenarios, and future studies may be capable of designing statistical frameworks which could be used in courts of law.
根据足病医学学院的说法，脚印是犯罪现场最常见的证据形式之一，法医足病学最近的兴起反映了鞋类和赤脚痕迹在当代法医实践中的重要性。在此背景下，这项初步研究聚焦于是否有可能利用从二维脚印或鞋印得出的参数来区分行走和奔跑状态。11名受试者沿着四条轨迹移动（赤脚行走；赤脚奔跑；穿鞋行走；穿鞋奔跑），同时让他们的赤脚或鞋子沾上人造血液，并记录他们的脚印模式。收集了接触血迹和相关的血迹模式，并通过三维动作捕捉记录身体动作。发现赤脚行走的脚印比赤脚静态脚印更大（1.789±0.481厘米；p<0.001），也比赤脚奔跑的脚印更大（0.635±0.405厘米；p=0.006）。对于鞋印，未观察到相关性。与行走试验相比，奔跑试验与被动血迹和抛甩血迹的出现更相关，而且在奔跑状态下，单个脚印和鞋印周围额外相关血迹的数量也更高。此外，一个先前提出的公式能以高度的准确性预测速度（误差在6%以内），可用于行走速度的临床评估。接触血迹、相关的血迹模式和步幅测量可能有助于确定真实犯罪现场场景中的运动状态，未来的研究或许能够设计出可用于法庭的统计框架。
