Valès Simon, Touvron Melissa, Van Landeghem Laurianne
Bretagne Loire University, Nantes University, INSERM 1235, IMAD, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex, France.
Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, CVM Main Building, Campus Box #8401, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
Brain Res. 2018 Aug 15;1693(Pt B):140-145. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.001. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
Glial cells of the enteric nervous system correspond to a unique glial lineage distinct from other central and peripheral glia, and form a vast and abundant network spreading throughout all the layers of the gastrointestinal wall. Research over the last two decades has demonstrated that enteric glia regulates all major gastrointestinal functions via multiple bi-directional crosstalk with enteric neurons and other neighboring cell types. Recent studies propose that enteric glia represents a heterogeneous population associated with distinct localization within the gut wall, phenotype and activity. Compelling evidence also indicates that enteric glial cells are capable of plasticity leading to phenotypic changes whose pinnacle so far has been shown to be the generation of enteric neurons. While alterations of the glial network have been heavily incriminated in the development of gastrointestinal pathologies, enteric glial cells have also recently emerged as an active player in gut-brain signaling. Therefore, the development of tools and techniques to better appraise enteric glia heterogeneity and plasticity will undoubtedly unveil critical regulatory mechanisms implicated in gut health and disease, as well as disorders of the gut-brain axis.
肠神经系统的神经胶质细胞对应于一种独特的神经胶质谱系，与其他中枢和外周神经胶质不同，并形成一个庞大且丰富的网络，遍布胃肠道壁的所有层。过去二十年的研究表明，肠神经胶质细胞通过与肠神经元和其他邻近细胞类型的多种双向串扰来调节所有主要的胃肠道功能。最近的研究提出，肠神经胶质细胞代表了一个异质性群体，与肠壁内不同的定位、表型和活性相关。有力的证据还表明，肠神经胶质细胞具有可塑性，可导致表型变化，迄今为止其顶峰表现为肠神经元的产生。虽然神经胶质网络的改变在胃肠道疾病的发展中受到严重指责，但肠神经胶质细胞最近也成为肠-脑信号传导中的一个活跃参与者。因此，开发更好地评估肠神经胶质细胞异质性和可塑性的工具和技术无疑将揭示与肠道健康和疾病以及肠-脑轴紊乱相关的关键调节机制。
