Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Feb 19;190(3):150. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6547-0.
Central Bohemia (Czech Republic) has highly developed industry and a dense rail network. Here, we aimed to determine the content of risk elements in dandelion plants (Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia) growing near train stations, industrial enterprises, and in the city parks of 16 cities in the Central Bohemian region. The highest element contents in the soils were found in industrial areas affected by the historical mining and smelting activities; contemporary industry showed no substantial effect on the soil element contents. The median values of element contents (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) at the railway station sites were the highest among the monitored sites, where the differences between park and station sites were significant for Be, Co, and Zn. Although the intensity of the traffic at the individual stations differed, we found that long-term regular traffic enhanced the element contents in the soils and, subsequently, in the plants. For Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn, the highest median element contents were found in plant roots, regardless of the sampling site. For Cd and Zn, the contents in leaves were higher than in the inflorescences, and the opposite pattern was recorded for Co and Cu. As and Be were distributed equally among the plant parts. Among the sampling sites, the As, Be, Cd, Zn, and Pb contents in the plant roots tended to have higher median values at the station sites, confirming the results of our soil analyses. We detected a fairly good correlation between soil and plant content for cadmium, regardless of the sampling site, soil element content, or analyzed part of the plant. Thus, we propose that dandelion is a suitable bioindicator of cadmium pollution of soil.
中波希米亚地区（捷克共和国）拥有发达的工业和密集的铁路网络。在这里，我们旨在确定在火车站、工业企业附近以及 16 个城市的城市公园中生长的蒲公英植物（蒲公英组 Ruderalia）中风险元素的含量。在受历史采矿和冶炼活动影响的工业区土壤中发现了最高的元素含量；当代工业对土壤元素含量没有实质性影响。在监测点中，火车站点的土壤元素含量（As、Be、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）中位数最高，其中 Be、Co 和 Zn 在公园和车站之间存在显著差异。尽管各个车站的交通强度不同，但我们发现长期定期交通增强了土壤中的元素含量，随后也增强了植物中的元素含量。对于 Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Pb、V 和 Zn，无论采样地点如何，根部的元素含量中位数最高。对于 Cd 和 Zn，叶片中的含量高于花序中的含量，而 Co 和 Cu 的情况则相反。As 和 Be 在植物各部分中的分布均匀。在采样地点中，无论在车站地点、土壤元素含量还是分析的植物部分，根部的 As、Be、Cd、Zn 和 Pb 含量中位数均趋于较高。我们检测到无论在采样地点、土壤元素含量还是分析的植物部分，土壤和植物中镉含量之间都存在相当好的相关性。因此，我们提出蒲公英是土壤镉污染的合适生物指示剂。
