Moore Bret A, Maggs David J, Kim Soohyun, Motta Monica J, Bandivadekar Ruta, Tell Lisa A, Murphy Christopher J
William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2019 Jan;22(1):13-23. doi: 10.1111/vop.12560. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
To estimate the prevalence of ocular disease and obtain normative ocular data for free-living hummingbirds.
Two hundred and sixty-three free-living, adult Hummingbirds from coastal and inland central California were studied, including Anna's (Calypte anna, n = 186) and Black-chinned (Archilochus alexandri; n = 77) hummingbirds.
Slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed on all individuals. Rebound tonometry, measurement of horizontal palpebral fissure length, and streak retinoscopy were performed on select individuals. Five conscious Anna's Hummingbirds underwent ocular imaging including fundus photography, digital slit lamp photography, and anterior segment and retinal optical coherence tomography.
The prevalence of ocular disease in this population was 2.28%. Ocular imaging revealed a thin cornea, shallow anterior chamber, large lens, and a single central, deep convexiclivate fovea. Mean ± SD intraocular pressure was 11.21 ± 2.23 mm Hg. Mean ± SD eyelid length was 2.59 ± 0.19 mm. All eyes were emmetropic or mildly hyperopic with a mean (range) ± SD refractive error of +0.32 (-0.25 to +1) ± 0.33 diopters.
Consistent with previous reports, these data suggest that hummingbirds have visual characteristics found in predatory and prey species, as well as a low prevalence of spontaneous ocular disease. This work provides a set of reference values and clinical findings that can be used in the future research on hummingbird vision and ocular disease. It also provides representative diagnostic images of normal birds and demonstrates that advanced ocular imaging can be performed on manually restrained hummingbirds without pharmacologic dilation.
评估自由生活的蜂鸟眼部疾病的患病率，并获取其眼部正常数据。
对来自加利福尼亚州中部沿海和内陆地区的263只自由生活的成年蜂鸟进行了研究，包括安娜氏蜂鸟（Calypte anna，n = 186）和黑颏蜂鸟（Archilochus alexandri；n = 77）。
对所有个体进行裂隙灯生物显微镜检查和间接检眼镜检查。对部分个体进行回弹式眼压测量、水平睑裂长度测量和带状检影验光。对5只清醒的安娜氏蜂鸟进行眼部成像，包括眼底摄影、数字裂隙灯摄影以及眼前段和视网膜光学相干断层扫描。
该群体中眼部疾病的患病率为2.28%。眼部成像显示角膜薄、前房浅、晶状体大，以及单个中央深凸的小凹。平均眼压±标准差为11.21 ± 2.23 mmHg。平均眼睑长度±标准差为2.59 ± 0.19 mm。所有眼睛均为正视或轻度远视，平均（范围）±标准差屈光不正为+0.32（-0.25至+1）± 0.33屈光度。
与之前的报告一致，这些数据表明蜂鸟具有捕食性和被捕食性物种的视觉特征，且自发性眼部疾病的患病率较低。这项工作提供了一组可用于未来蜂鸟视觉和眼部疾病研究的参考值和临床发现。它还提供了正常鸟类的代表性诊断图像，并证明在手动约束的蜂鸟身上无需药物散瞳即可进行高级眼部成像。
