Departments of Behavioral & Social Sciences and Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Center for Health Equity Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2019 Mar 1;41(1):100-109. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy031.
Transgender women are disproportionately incarcerated in the US relative to the general population. A dearth of research has explored the factors that predict incarceration among transgender women or the longitudinal impact of incarceration on the health of this population.
Between 2012 and 2015, 221 transgender women ages 16-29 from Boston, MA and Chicago, IL were prospectively assessed at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 months. Mixed effects models were used to identify risk factors for incarceration and examine whether incarceration predicts somatic, anxiety and depressive symptoms, illicit drug use, and binge drinking over time, controlling for baseline psychiatric and substance use disorders.
Overall, 38% experienced incarceration, before (33%) and during (18%) the study period. Significant independent predictors of recent incarceration included sex work, recent homelessness, school dropout and number of times incarcerated prior to enrollment while recent incarceration significantly predicted somatic symptoms and illicit drug use over time.
Incarceration burden is high in young transgender women. Both structural and individual risk factors predict incarceration and poor health, suggesting the need for multilevel interventions to prevent incarceration and support young transgender women during incarceration and upon release.
在美国，跨性别女性的监禁率与普通人群相比不成比例。研究很少探讨预测跨性别女性监禁的因素，或监禁对这一人群健康的长期影响。
在 2012 年至 2015 年期间，来自马萨诸塞州波士顿和伊利诺伊州芝加哥的 221 名 16-29 岁的跨性别女性在基线、4 个月、8 个月和 12 个月时进行了前瞻性评估。混合效应模型用于确定监禁的风险因素，并检查监禁是否随着时间的推移预测躯体症状、焦虑和抑郁症状、非法药物使用和 binge drinking，同时控制基线精神和物质使用障碍。
总体而言，38%的人经历过监禁，包括研究期间之前（33%）和期间（18%）。最近监禁的独立显著预测因素包括性工作、最近无家可归、辍学和之前被监禁的次数，而最近的监禁显著预测了躯体症状和非法药物使用随时间的变化。
年轻的跨性别女性的监禁负担很高。结构性和个体风险因素都预测了监禁和健康不良，这表明需要多层次的干预措施，以预防监禁，并在监禁期间和释放后支持年轻的跨性别女性。
