School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.
South Pacific Regional Herbarium, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands.
Glob Chang Biol. 2018 Aug;24(8):3820-3836. doi: 10.1111/gcb.14103. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
The response of primary (PF) and secondary (SF) rainforests to cyclones has broad implications for servicing fauna and the resilience of forest functions. We collected fine-scale data on the reproductive phenology of plant communities in Fijian PF and SF in 12 monthly surveys before and after Cyclone Tomas (2010). We generated a resource index from the reproductive loads of 2218 trees and 1150 non-trees (>190 species) and trunk and stem diameter to assess patterns in resource abundance for nectarivores and frugivores (hereafter NF resources). We aimed to determine (i) whether species richness of NF resources differed between forests; (ii) the patterns of resilience of NF resources at community level in both forests after a cyclone; and (iii) the effect of response on NF resources for plant-servicing bats (Pteropodidae). In 12 months preceding the cyclone, NF resources were greater in PF trees; non-tree resources fluctuated and were greater in SF. Lower species richness of NF resources in SF indicated that fewer opportunities exist there for exploitation by a diverse fauna. More resources were available for bats in PF. In 12 months following the cyclone, PF flowers and fruits, and SF fruits specifically used by pteropodid bats decreased for trees. Non-tree resources were especially susceptible to the cyclone. No universal pattern of decline was associated with the cyclone; instead, some NF resources declined and others were resilient or responded rapidly to a post-cyclone environment. Both PF and SF demonstrated resilience at the community level via increased flower survival (PF) and rapid flower production (SF). Reduced species richness of NF resources in SF will compromise future resilience and response to disturbance, including for threatened pteropodid bat species. These findings are critical for long-term management of forests, given predicted increases in cyclone frequency and intensity associated with anthropogenic climate change.
原生（PF）和次生（SF）雨林对气旋的反应对为动物提供服务和森林功能的恢复力有广泛的影响。我们在 2010 年 Cyclone Tomas 前后的 12 个月每月调查中，收集了斐济 PF 和 SF 植物群落生殖物候的详细数据。我们从 2218 棵树木和 1150 棵非树木（>190 种）的生殖负荷以及树干和茎干直径生成了一个资源指数，以评估花蜜和果实动物（以下简称 NF 资源）的资源丰度模式。我们旨在确定：（i）NF 资源的物种丰富度是否在森林之间存在差异；（ii）在经历气旋后，两种森林中 NF 资源的恢复力模式；以及（iii）响应对为植物服务的蝙蝠（翼手目）的 NF 资源的影响。在气旋发生前的 12 个月中，PF 树木中的 NF 资源更丰富；非树木资源波动，SF 中更丰富。SF 中 NF 资源的物种丰富度较低表明，那里可供各种动物利用的机会较少。PF 中蝙蝠可利用的资源更多。在气旋发生后的 12 个月中，PF 树木中的花朵和果实，以及 SF 中特定用于翼手目蝙蝠的果实减少。非树木资源特别容易受到气旋的影响。没有与气旋相关的普遍下降模式；相反，一些 NF 资源下降，而其他资源具有弹性或对后气旋环境迅速做出反应。PF 和 SF 都通过增加花的存活率（PF）和快速产生花（SF）在群落水平上表现出恢复力。SF 中 NF 资源的物种丰富度降低将损害未来对干扰的恢复力和响应能力，包括对受威胁的翼手目蝙蝠物种。这些发现对于长期的森林管理至关重要，因为与人为气候变化相关的气旋频率和强度预计会增加。
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