Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2018 Apr;74(3):395-407. doi: 10.1007/s00244-018-0513-2. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
This study is was designed to assess the ecological risk associated with chemical pollution caused by heavy metals and PAHs on the basis of their ecotoxicological properties in sediments collected from the Rzeszów dam reservoir (Poland). The sediment samples were collected from three sampling stations: S1-inlet, backwater station, S2-middle of reservoir, S3 outlet, near the dam. The sediments' toxicity was evaluated using a battery of bioassays (Phytotoxkit, Phytotestkit, Ostracodtoxkit F, and Microtox). The highest content of metals (120.5 mg Zn; 22.65 mg Pb; 8.20 mg Cd ∙ kg dw) and all PAHs (∑9361 μg ∙ kg dw) in sediments was found at station S1. The lowest content of metals (86.72 mg Zn; 18.07 mg Cu; 17.20 mg Pb; 3.62 mg Cu; 28.78 mg Ni; 30.52 mg Cr ∙ kg dw) and PAHs (∑4390 μg ∙ kg dw) was found in the sediment from station S2. The ecological risk assessment of the six metals and eight PAHs revealed a high potential toxicity in sediments from stations S1 (PECq = 0.69) and S3 (PECq = 0.56) and a low potential toxicity in sediments from station S2 (PECq = 0.38). The studies also showed the actual toxicity of sediments for the test organisms. The sediment pore water was least toxic compared to the whole sediment: solid phases > whole sediment > pore water. The most sensitive organism for metals and PAHs in bottom sediments was Lepidium sativum, and in pore water-Sorghum saccharatum. The concentration of metals and PAHs in bottom sediments generally did not affect the toxicity for other organisms. Clay content and organic C content are likely to be important factors, which control heavy metal and PAH concentrations in the sediments. Data analysis by PCA found the same origin of metals as well as PAHs-mainly anthropogenic sources. The obtained information demonstrated the need to integrate ecotoxicological and chemical methods for an appropriate ecological risk assessment.
本研究旨在基于重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）在沉积物中的生态毒理学特性，评估其对化学污染相关的生态风险。研究中采集了来自罗兹瓦多姆水库（波兰）三个采样点的沉积物样本：S1-入口、回水点、S2-水库中部、S3-出口，靠近大坝。使用一系列生物测定法（Phytotoxkit、Phytotestkit、Ostracodtoxkit F 和 Microtox）评估沉积物的毒性。在 S1 点发现沉积物中金属（120.5 mg Zn；22.65 mg Pb；8.20 mg Cd ∙ kg dw）和所有 PAHs（∑9361 μg ∙ kg dw）含量最高。在 S2 点发现金属（86.72 mg Zn；18.07 mg Cu；17.20 mg Pb；3.62 mg Cu；28.78 mg Ni；30.52 mg Cr ∙ kg dw）和 PAHs（∑4390 μg ∙ kg dw）含量最低。对六种金属和八种 PAHs 的生态风险评估显示，S1 站（PECq = 0.69）和 S3 站（PECq = 0.56）沉积物具有高潜在毒性，而 S2 站（PECq = 0.38）沉积物具有低潜在毒性。研究还表明，沉积物对测试生物具有实际毒性。与整个沉积物相比，沉积物孔隙水的毒性最低：固相反＞整个沉积物＞孔隙水。对底栖沉积物中金属和 PAHs 最敏感的生物是蕺菜，而在孔隙水中最敏感的生物是高粱。底栖沉积物中金属和 PAHs 的浓度通常不会影响其他生物的毒性。粘土含量和有机 C 含量可能是控制沉积物中重金属和 PAH 浓度的重要因素。通过 PCA 进行数据分析发现，金属和 PAHs 具有相同的来源，主要是人为来源。获得的信息表明需要整合生态毒理学和化学方法以进行适当的生态风险评估。
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