From the The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (H.Z., B.Z.); School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (H.Z., B.Z.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China (K.O.L.); and Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.Z.).
Circ Res. 2018 Mar 2;122(5):774-789. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.312136.
Endocardial cells are specialized endothelial cells that form the innermost layer of the heart wall. By virtue of genetic lineage-tracing technology, many of the unexpected roles of endocardium during murine heart development, diseases, and regeneration have been identified recently. In addition to heart valves developed from the well-known endothelial to mesenchymal transition, recent fate-mapping studies using mouse models reveal that multiple cardiac cell lineages are also originated from the endocardium. This review focuses on a variety of different cell types that are recently reported to be endocardium derived during murine heart development, diseases, and regeneration. These multiple cell fates underpin the unprecedented roles of endocardial progenitors in function, pathological progression, and regeneration of the heart. Because emerging studies suggest that developmental mechanisms can be redeployed and recapitulated in promoting heart disease development and also cardiac repair and regeneration, understanding the mechanistic regulation of endocardial plasticity and modulation of their cell fate conversion may uncover new therapeutic potential in facilitating heart regeneration.
心内膜细胞是特化的内皮细胞，构成了心脏壁的最内层。借助于遗传谱系追踪技术，最近已经确定了心内膜在小鼠心脏发育、疾病和再生过程中的许多意想不到的作用。除了众所周知的内皮到间充质转化过程中形成的心脏瓣膜，最近使用小鼠模型的命运图谱研究揭示，多个心脏细胞谱系也起源于心内膜。本文综述了最近报道的在小鼠心脏发育、疾病和再生过程中由心内膜衍生的各种不同的细胞类型。这些多种细胞命运为心内膜祖细胞在心脏功能、病理进展和再生中的前所未有的作用提供了基础。由于新兴的研究表明，发育机制可以重新利用并再现于促进心脏疾病的发展以及心脏修复和再生，因此，了解心内膜可塑性的机制调控及其细胞命运转变的调节可能会揭示出促进心脏再生的新的治疗潜力。
