Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Health and Human Sciences Extension, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Nutrients. 2018 Mar 8;10(3):327. doi: 10.3390/nu10030327.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) program aims to improve nutritional intakes of low-income individuals (<185% poverty threshold). The objective of this study was to describe the compliance with Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains among SNAP-Ed eligible ( = 3142) and ineligible ( = 3168) adult women (19-70 years) nationwide and SNAP-Ed participating women in Indiana ( = 2623), using the NHANES 2007-2012 and Indiana SNAP-Ed survey data, respectively. Sensitivity analysis further stratified women by race/ethnicity and by current SNAP participation (<130% poverty threshold). Nationally, lower-income women were less likely to meet the fruit (21% vs. 25%) and vegetable (11% vs. 19%) guidelines than higher-income women, but did not differ on whole grains, which were ~5% regardless of income. The income differences in fruit and vegetable intakes were driven by non-Hispanic whites. Fewer SNAP-Ed-eligible U.S. women met fruit (21% vs. 55%) and whole grain (4% vs. 18%) but did not differ for vegetable recommendations (11% vs. 9%) when compared to Indiana SNAP-Ed women. This same trend was observed among current SNAP participants. Different racial/ethnic group relationships with DGA compliance were found in Indiana compared to the nation. Nevertheless, most low-income women in the U.S. are at risk of not meeting DGA recommendations for fruits (79%), vegetables (89%), and whole grains (96%); SNAP-Ed participants in Indiana had higher compliance with DGA recommendations. Increased consumption of these three critical food groups would improve nutrient density, likely reduce calorie consumption by replacing high calorie choices, and improve fiber intakes.
补充营养援助计划教育（SNAP-Ed）计划旨在改善低收入个人（低于贫困线的 185%）的营养摄入量。本研究的目的是描述全美饮食指南（DGA）对水果、蔬菜和全谷物推荐摄入量的遵守情况，研究对象为全国范围内符合（=3142）和不符合（=3168）SNAP-Ed 资格的成年女性（19-70 岁），以及印第安纳州的 SNAP-Ed 参与者（=2623），分别使用 NHANES 2007-2012 和印第安纳州 SNAP-Ed 调查数据。敏感性分析进一步按种族/族裔和当前 SNAP 参与情况（<130%贫困线）对女性进行分层。在全国范围内，低收入女性符合水果（21%比 25%）和蔬菜（11%比 19%）指南的比例低于高收入女性，但在全谷物方面没有差异，无论收入如何，全谷物摄入量约为 5%。水果和蔬菜摄入量的收入差异是由非西班牙裔白人驱动的。与印第安纳州 SNAP-Ed 女性相比，符合条件的美国女性符合水果（21%比 55%）和全谷物（4%比 18%）推荐的比例较低，但不符合蔬菜推荐（11%比 9%）。在当前的 SNAP 参与者中也观察到了同样的趋势。与全国相比，印第安纳州不同种族/族裔群体与 DGA 遵守情况的关系不同。然而，美国大多数低收入女性都面临不符合 DGA 关于水果（79%）、蔬菜（89%）和全谷物（96%）推荐摄入量的风险；印第安纳州的 SNAP-Ed 参与者对 DGA 推荐摄入量的遵守情况更高。增加这三种关键食物组的摄入量将提高营养素密度，可能通过替代高热量选择来减少卡路里摄入量，并增加膳食纤维摄入量。
