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针对刚地弓形虫钙依赖蛋白激酶 1 的咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪类化合物可降低急性弓形虫病小鼠体内的寄生虫负荷。

Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines targeting Toxoplasma gondii calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 decrease the parasite burden in mice with acute toxoplasmosis.

机构信息

ISP, INRA, Université Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.

Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Inserm U1070, Poitiers, France.

出版信息

Int J Parasitol. 2018 Jun;48(7):561-568. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.12.006. Epub 2018 Mar 7.

Abstract

The current therapeutic arsenal for toxoplasmosis is restricted to drugs non-specific to the parasite which cause important side effects. Development of more efficient and specific anti-Toxoplasma compounds is urgently needed. Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines designed to inhibit the calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 of Toxoplasma gondii (TgCDPK1) and effective against tachyzoite growth in vitro at submicromolar ranges were modified into hydrochloride salts to be administered in vivo in a mouse model of acute toxoplasmosis. All protonated imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine salts (SP230, SP231 and SP232) maintained their activity on TgCDPK1 and T. gondii tachyzoites. Rat and mouse liver microsomes were used to predict half-life and intrinsic clearance, and the pharmacokinetic profile of the most rapidly degraded imidazo[1,2b]pyridazine salt (SP230) was determined in serum, brain and lungs of mice after a single administration of 50 mg/kg. Compounds were then tested in vivo in a murine model of acute toxoplasmosis. Mice infected with tachyzoites of the ME49 strain of T. gondii were treated for 4, 7 or 8 days with 25 or 50 mg/kg/day of SP230, SP231 or SP232. The parasite burdens were strongly diminished (>90% reduction under some conditions) in the spleen and the lungs of mice treated with imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine salts compared with untreated mice, without the need for pre-treatment. Moreover, no increases in the levels of hepatic and renal toxicity markers were observed, demonstrating no significant signs of short-term toxicity. To conclude, imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine salts have strong efficacy in vivo on acute toxoplasmosis and should be further tested in a model of mouse congenital toxoplasmosis.

摘要

目前针对弓形体病的治疗方法仅限于对寄生虫没有特异性的药物,这些药物会引起严重的副作用。因此,迫切需要开发更有效和更具特异性的抗弓形体化合物。本研究设计了一系列咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪类化合物,旨在抑制刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)的钙依赖性蛋白激酶 1(TgCDPK1),这些化合物在体外以亚微摩尔浓度有效抑制速殖子生长。本研究将这些化合物设计为盐酸盐,以便在急性弓形体病的小鼠模型中进行体内给药。所有质子化的咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪盐(SP230、SP231 和 SP232)对 TgCDPK1 和刚地弓形虫速殖子均保持活性。使用大鼠和小鼠肝微粒体预测半衰期和内在清除率,并在单次给予 50mg/kg 后,确定最快速降解的咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪盐(SP230)在血清、脑和肺中的药代动力学特征。然后,将这些化合物在急性弓形体病的小鼠模型中进行体内测试。用 ME49 株刚地弓形虫速殖子感染小鼠,用 25 或 50mg/kg/天的 SP230、SP231 或 SP232 对感染的小鼠进行 4、7 或 8 天的治疗。与未治疗的小鼠相比,用咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪盐治疗的小鼠的脾脏和肺部寄生虫负荷明显减少(在某些情况下减少 90%以上),且无需预处理。此外,未观察到肝毒性和肾毒性标志物水平升高,表明无明显的短期毒性迹象。综上所述,咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪盐在体内对急性弓形体病具有很强的疗效,应该在小鼠先天性弓形体病模型中进一步测试。

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