Leucine excess and niacin status in rats.

Young rats were fed a niacin-deficient diet with and without 15 g/kg supplementary L-leucine. Both groups grew slowly for 5 wk and showed no difference in the severity of their condition. Nor did their 14CO2 production differ after intraperitoneal dosing with [methylene-14C]tryptophan. In a 2 X 3 X 3 multifactorial trial with a niacin-free basal diet, the effects of 15 g/kg supplementary leucine were compared with isonitrogenous glycine supplements. Half of the diets were also marginally deficient in pyridoxine and resulted in slower growth, but no interactive effect with leucine. The leucine supplement depressed excretion of N1-methylnicotinamide only in the groups receiving supplementary tryptophan. It was also associated with a depression in the level of nicotinamide nucleotides in the rats' livers that was not eliminated by addition of either 25 mg/kg nicotinic acid or 1 g/kg L-tryptophan. The existence of pellagra in Hyderabad, India, has been hypothesized to result from excessive leucine in the diet rather than from a deficiency of niacin/tryptophan. Neither our results with rats nor those of others appear to provide support for this hypothesis.