印迹基因失调在 null 小鼠模型中的种系和后代中是随机和可变的。

Imprinted gene dysregulation in a null mouse model is stochastic and variable in the germline and offspring.

机构信息

University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SCTR 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

出版信息

Development. 2018 Mar 29;145(7):dev160622. doi: 10.1242/dev.160622.

Abstract

Imprinted genes are expressed from one parental allele and regulated by differential DNA methylation at imprinting control regions (ICRs). ICRs are reprogrammed in the germline through erasure and re-establishment of DNA methylation. Although much is known about DNA methylation establishment, DNA demethylation is less well understood. Recently, the Ten-Eleven Translocation proteins (TET1-3) have been shown to initiate DNA demethylation, with mice exhibiting aberrant levels of imprinted gene expression and ICR methylation. Nevertheless, the role of TET1 in demethylating ICRs in the female germline and in controlling allele-specific expression remains unknown. Here, we examined ICR-specific DNA methylation in germ cells and ascertained whether abnormal ICR methylation impacted imprinted gene expression in F1 hybrid somatic tissues derived from eggs or sperm. We show that deficiency is associated with hypermethylation of a subset of ICRs in germ cells. Moreover, ICRs with defective germline reprogramming exhibit aberrant DNA methylation and biallelic expression of linked imprinted genes in somatic tissues. Thus, we define a discrete set of genomic regions that require TET1 for germline reprogramming and discuss mechanisms for stochastic imprinting defects.

摘要

印迹基因由来自一个亲本等位基因的表达,并由印迹控制区(ICR)的差异 DNA 甲基化调控。ICR 通过生殖系中的擦除和 DNA 甲基化的重新建立而被重新编程。尽管人们对 DNA 甲基化的建立了解很多,但 DNA 去甲基化的了解较少。最近,已经表明 Ten-Eleven 易位蛋白(TET1-3)可启动 DNA 去甲基化,其中 小鼠表现出印迹基因表达和 ICR 甲基化的异常水平。然而,TET1 在雌性生殖系中去甲基化 ICR 并控制等位基因特异性表达的作用仍然未知。在这里,我们研究了 生殖细胞中 ICR 特异性 DNA 甲基化,并确定异常的 ICR 甲基化是否会影响源自 卵子或精子的 F1 杂种体细胞组织中的印迹基因表达。我们表明, 缺乏与生殖细胞中一组 ICR 的超甲基化相关。此外,具有有缺陷的生殖系重新编程的 ICR 表现出异常的 DNA 甲基化和连锁印迹基因的双等位基因表达在体细胞组织中。因此,我们定义了一组离散的基因组区域,这些区域需要 TET1 进行生殖系重新编程,并讨论了随机印迹缺陷的机制。

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