James Richard J E, O'Malley Claire, Tunney Richard J
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Addict Behav Rep. 2016 Apr 16;3:61-69. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2016.04.004. eCollection 2016 Jun.
This paper reports a series of analyses examining the predictors of gambling subtypes identified from a latent class analysis of problem gambling assessment data, pooled from four health and gambling surveys conducted in Britain between 2007 and 2012. Previous analyses have indicated that gambling assessments have a consistent three class structure showing quantitative and potentially qualitative differences. Bringing this data together is useful for studying more severe problem gamblers, where the small number of respondents has been a chronic limitation of gambling prevalence research. Predictors were drawn from sociodemographic indicators and engagement with other legal addictive behaviours, namely smoking and alcohol consumption. The pooled data was entered into a multinomial logistic regression model in which class membership was regressed along a series of demographic variables and survey year, based on previous analyses of gambling prevalence data. The results identified multiple demographic differences (age, general health, SES, being single, membership of ethnic minority groups) between the non-problem and two classes endorsing some problem gambling indicators. Although these two groups tended to share a sociodemographic profile, the odds of being male, British Asian and a smoker increased between the three groups in line with problem gambling severity. Being widowed was also found to be associated with the most severe gambling class. A number of associations were also observed with other addictive behaviours. However these should be taken as indicative as these were limited subsamples of a single dataset. These findings identify specific groups in which gambling problems are more prevalent, and highlight the importance of the interaction between acute and determinant aspects of impulsivity, suggesting that a more complex account of impulsivity should be considered than is currently present in the gambling literature.
本文报告了一系列分析，这些分析考察了从问题赌博评估数据的潜在类别分析中识别出的赌博亚型的预测因素，这些数据汇集于2007年至2012年在英国进行的四项健康与赌博调查。此前的分析表明，赌博评估具有一致的三类结构，显示出数量上以及可能的质量上的差异。汇集这些数据对于研究更严重的问题赌徒很有用，因为受访者数量少一直是赌博流行率研究的长期限制因素。预测因素取自社会人口统计学指标以及与其他合法成瘾行为的参与情况，即吸烟和饮酒。基于此前对赌博流行率数据的分析，将汇集的数据输入多项逻辑回归模型，在该模型中，类别归属沿着一系列人口统计学变量和调查年份进行回归。结果确定了非问题组与认可一些问题赌博指标的两类之间存在多种人口统计学差异（年龄、总体健康状况、社会经济地位、单身、少数族裔群体成员身份）。尽管这两组在社会人口统计学特征上往往有相似之处，但随着问题赌博严重程度的增加，男性、英裔亚裔和吸烟者在这三组中的几率也在增加。还发现丧偶与最严重的赌博类别有关。还观察到与其他成瘾行为存在一些关联。然而，这些应仅作为参考，因为这些只是单个数据集的有限子样本。这些发现确定了赌博问题更普遍的特定群体，并强调了冲动性的急性和决定性方面之间相互作用的重要性，这表明应考虑比目前赌博文献中更复杂的冲动性解释。
