Ambekar Atul, Mongia Monica
National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;60(Suppl 4):S575-S582. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_27_18.
A number of research designs have been used to study the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in addictive disorders, including open label studies and randomised controlled trials. Only through a rigorously conducted research, evidence base for effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention can be established. However, research on these interventions are fraught with a number of challenges. It is imperative for researchers to ask appropriate research questions based on sound theoretical understanding of psychiatric disorders, psychosocial interventions and research designs. This would help in choosing the less studied, relevant areas for in depth study as well as in using pragmatic, realistic research designs. Defining intervention clearly is as crucial, as is its uniform implementation across various treatment arms. In addition, tapping the mediators, moderators and confounders of treatment using appropriate methods while assessing the factors that directly impact the outcome is important to determine actual effects of psychosocial intervention. Barriers at different stages must be gauged proactively and dealt with, wherever possible.
许多研究设计已被用于研究心理社会干预在成瘾性障碍中的疗效，包括开放标签研究和随机对照试验。只有通过严格开展的研究，才能建立心理社会干预有效性的证据基础。然而，对这些干预措施的研究充满了诸多挑战。研究人员必须基于对精神障碍、心理社会干预和研究设计的扎实理论理解提出恰当的研究问题。这将有助于选择较少研究的相关领域进行深入研究，并有助于采用务实、现实的研究设计。清晰地定义干预措施至关重要，在各个治疗组中统一实施干预措施同样重要。此外，在评估直接影响结果的因素时，使用适当方法挖掘治疗的中介因素、调节因素和混杂因素对于确定心理社会干预的实际效果很重要。必须积极评估并尽可能应对不同阶段的障碍。
