Dorfling Heléne F, Lockhat Zarina, Pretorius Samantha, Steyn Maryna, Oettlé Anna C
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Forensic Sci Int. 2018 May;286:46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.02.029. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
Although guidelines for facial approximations, including those for the eye, are in use in South Africa, limited data on African populations exist to confirm its validity. As precise placement of the eyes in facial approximations is of importance for facial recognition, this study tested established guidelines by measuring specific instrumental dimensions. Forty-nine cadavers from the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and the University of Pretoria were dissected to determine the position of the canthi and the size and position of the eyeball in the orbit. Thirty cone beam computer tomography scans and 30 computer tomography scans from the Oral and Dental and Steve Biko Hospitals respectively were used to determine the size of the eyeball. Results from this study were compared to the published guidelines. The most prominent discrepancies included a more rectangular shape of the orbit, an oval shaped eyeball and a different position of the canthi. In African faces, the medial canthus was found to be located higher than the lateral canthus. The distance between the endocanthion and superior orbital margin was 17.7mm and the exocanthion and superior orbital margin 19.5mm. Inter-population differences may have an effect on facial approximations and its accuracy as is often demonstrated in practice. The findings of this study should be taken into consideration when designing population specific guidelines for reconstruction of the eye in South Africans of African ancestry.
尽管面部复原指南，包括眼部复原指南，在南非正在使用，但关于非洲人群体的相关数据有限，无法证实其有效性。由于在面部复原中眼睛的精确放置对面部识别至关重要，本研究通过测量特定的仪器尺寸来测试既定指南。解剖了来自塞法科·马加托健康科学大学和比勒陀利亚大学的49具尸体，以确定内眦和外眦的位置以及眼球在眼眶中的大小和位置。分别使用了来自口腔与牙科医院和史蒂夫·比科医院的30例锥形束计算机断层扫描和30例计算机断层扫描来确定眼球的大小。将本研究的结果与已发表的指南进行了比较。最显著的差异包括眼眶形状更接近长方形、眼球呈椭圆形以及内眦和外眦位置不同。在非洲人面部中，发现内眦位置高于外眦。内眦点与眶上缘之间的距离为17.7毫米，外眦点与眶上缘之间的距离为19.5毫米。群体间差异可能会对面部复原及其准确性产生影响，正如实践中经常证明的那样。在为非洲裔南非人设计特定人群的眼部重建指南时，应考虑本研究的结果。
