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直翅目昆虫的表观遗传学和发育可塑性。

Epigenetics and developmental plasticity in orthopteroid insects.

机构信息

School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

出版信息

Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2018 Feb;25:25-34. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.11.003. Epub 2017 Nov 10.

Abstract

Developmental plasticity is a key driver of the extraordinary ecological success of insects. Epigenetic mechanisms provide an important link between the external stimuli that initiate polyphenisms, and the stable changes in gene expression that govern alternative insect morphs. We review the epigenetics of orthopteroid insects, focussing on recent research on locusts and termites, two groups which display high levels of phenotypic plasticity, and for which genome sequences have become available in recent years. We examine research on the potential role of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression in these insects. DNA methylation patterns in orthopteroids share a number of characteristics with those of hymenopteran insects, although methylation levels are much higher, and extend to introns and repeat elements. Future examinations of epigenetic mechanisms in these insects will benefit from comparison of tissues from aged-matched individuals from alternative morphs, and adequate biological replication.

摘要

发育可塑性是昆虫非凡生态成功的关键驱动因素。表观遗传机制为引发多态现象的外部刺激与控制昆虫不同形态的基因表达稳定变化之间提供了重要联系。我们综述了直翅目昆虫的表观遗传学,重点介绍了近年来对蝗虫和白蚁的研究,这两个群体表现出高度的表型可塑性,近年来已经获得了它们的基因组序列。我们研究了 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA 在这些昆虫基因表达调控中的潜在作用。直翅目昆虫的 DNA 甲基化模式与膜翅目昆虫有一些共同特征,尽管甲基化水平要高得多,并延伸到内含子和重复元件。未来对这些昆虫的表观遗传机制的研究将受益于来自不同形态的同龄个体组织的比较,以及足够的生物学复制。

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