Osadnik Kamila, Jaworska Joanna
Acta Pol Pharm. 2016 Jul;73(4):875-883.
Study results indicate that a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 (PUFA n-3) exerts favorable effect on human health, accounting for reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. PUFA n-3 contained in marine fish oils, particularly eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6 n-3) acids, are attributed antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-arrhythmic effects. They have also beneficial effects on cognitive functions and immunological mechanisms of an organism. Considering the fact that marine fish are not abundant in Western diet, the pharmaceutical industry reacts with a broad selection of PUFA n-3 containing dietary supplements and drugs. Increased consumers' interest with those products has been observed recently. Therefore, their quality, understood as reliability of manufacturer's declaration of composition of offered dietary supplements, is highly important. We have tested 22 products available in pharmacies and supermarkets, manufacturers of which declared content of n-3 fatty acids (21 dietary supplements and I drug). Identity and content of DHA and EPA were assessed using ¹H NMR spectroscopy, based on characteristic signals from protons in methylene groups. Almost one in five of the examined dietary supplements contains < 89% of the PUFA n-3 amount declared by its manufacturer. For a majority of tested products the manufacturer-declared information regarding DHA (58%) and EPA (74%) content was consistent with the actual composition. It is notable that more cases of discrepancy between the declared and the actual content regarded DHA than EPA, which indicates a less favorable balance, considering the pro-health effect of those acids. Over a half of tested products provides the supplementary dose (250 mg/day) with one capsule taken daily, and in 27% of cases the daily dosage should be doubled. Only 10% of those products ensure the appropriate dose for cardiovascular patients (1 g/day) with the use of I capsule a day. Correct information provided by a manufacturer on a label regarding the total amount of DHA and EPA is a basis for selection of an appropriate dosage.
研究结果表明，富含多不饱和脂肪酸ω-3（PUFA n-3）的饮食对人体健康具有有益作用，可降低心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率。海洋鱼油中含有的PUFA n-3，特别是二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20:5 n-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6 n-3），具有抗血栓形成、抗炎、抗动脉粥样硬化和抗心律失常作用。它们对生物体的认知功能和免疫机制也有有益影响。鉴于西方饮食中海洋鱼类并不丰富，制药行业推出了多种含PUFA n-3的膳食补充剂和药物。最近观察到消费者对这些产品的兴趣有所增加。因此，其质量，即制造商对所提供膳食补充剂成分声明的可靠性，非常重要。我们测试了药店和超市中可买到的22种产品，其制造商宣称含有n-3脂肪酸（21种膳食补充剂和1种药物）。基于亚甲基中质子的特征信号，使用¹H NMR光谱法评估DHA和EPA的身份和含量。几乎五分之一的受检膳食补充剂所含的PUFA n-3量低于其制造商宣称量的89%。对于大多数测试产品，制造商宣称的关于DHA（58%）和EPA（74%）含量的信息与实际成分一致。值得注意的是，宣称含量与实际含量之间存在差异的情况中，涉及DHA的比EPA更多，考虑到这些脂肪酸对健康的促进作用，这表明平衡状况不太理想。超过一半的测试产品每日服用1粒胶囊即可提供补充剂量（250毫克/天），在27%的情况下，每日剂量应加倍。这些产品中只有10%能确保心血管疾病患者每天服用1粒胶囊即可达到合适剂量（1克/天）。制造商在标签上提供的关于DHA和EPA总量的正确信息是选择合适剂量的依据。
