Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Matern Child Nutr. 2018 Oct;14(4):e12610. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12610. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
Infant feeding is a well-established topic of interest in obesity research, yet few studies have focused on contributions of nonmaternal caregivers (NMCs)-such as fathers, grandparents, and daycare providers-to infant feeding. Data from the Infant Care, Feeding and Risk of Obesity Project in North Carolina were used to investigate (a) which factors were associated with NMC feeding styles and (b) how NMCs' and mothers' feeding styles compared. Multivariate regression models utilizing random effects were used to analyse data from 108 NMCs who were identified by mothers as being heavily involved in infant feeding. Feeding styles were measured using the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire. Several individual characteristics were important. Higher laissez faire-attention scores were reported by men and NMCs who lived in the same household as infant. Men reported higher indulgent-coax and indulgent-pamper scores. Perceptions of fussier infants, older infant age, and higher infant weight-for-length z-scores were also important. Mothers' and NMCs' feeding styles differed. Compared with mothers, grandparents reported lower laissez faire and indulgent-permissive scores. Fathers reported higher pressure-soothe and indulgent scores. Daycare providers reported higher restriction-diet quality and responsive satiety. Feeding styles were also predicted to change over time for all caregiver types. These findings highlight the importance of helping all caregivers develop skills that will promote optimal infant feeding outcomes. Given the paucity of research in this area, it is important to improve our understanding of what influences caregivers' feeding styles, especially among diverse populations, and how exposure to different feeding styles may shape children's obesity risk.
婴儿喂养是肥胖研究中一个备受关注的话题，但很少有研究关注非母亲照顾者（如父亲、祖父母和日托提供者）对婴儿喂养的贡献。北卡罗来纳州婴儿护理、喂养和肥胖风险项目的数据被用于调查：（a）哪些因素与非母亲照顾者的喂养方式有关；（b）非母亲照顾者和母亲的喂养方式如何比较。使用随机效应多变量回归模型分析了 108 名非母亲照顾者的数据，这些非母亲照顾者是由母亲确定的在婴儿喂养中承担重要责任的人。喂养方式使用婴儿喂养方式问卷进行测量。几个个体特征很重要。与婴儿同住的男性和非母亲照顾者报告的放任-关注得分较高。男性报告了更高的放纵-哄和放纵-纵容得分。婴儿更挑剔、婴儿年龄较大以及婴儿体重-身长 Z 分数较高也很重要。母亲和非母亲照顾者的喂养方式不同。与母亲相比，祖父母报告的放任和放纵-放任得分较低。父亲报告的压力-安慰和放纵得分较高。日托提供者报告的限制-饮食质量和响应性饱腹感得分较高。所有照顾者类型的喂养方式也预计会随时间而变化。这些发现强调了帮助所有照顾者发展技能的重要性，这些技能将促进最佳的婴儿喂养结果。鉴于该领域研究甚少，了解哪些因素影响照顾者的喂养方式，尤其是在不同人群中，以及接触不同的喂养方式如何可能影响儿童肥胖风险，这一点非常重要。
