J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2018 Summer;32(3):238–346. doi: 10.11607/ofph.1973. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
To assess the analgesic effect of intranasal administration of S-ketamine in different rat models of facial pain.
Nociceptive responses induced by formalin injected into the upper lip and facial hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin or carrageenan injected into the upper lip were used to evaluate the analgesic effect of intranasal ketamine in acute facial pain models in rats (n = 173). The effect of intranasal ketamine on heat and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by constriction of the infraorbital nerve (CION) was also evaluated. In addition, locomotor activity in the open field test was assessed after intranasal ketamine administration. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc correction were used to analyze all data.
Intranasal ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) failed to modify the first phase of the orofacial formalin test, but reduced the second phase by about 40%. Intranasal ketamine also reduced the facial heat hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin and carrageenan. In the CION model, intranasal ketamine at 0.5 mg/kg reversed the heat hyperalgesia and at 1 mg/kg attenuated the mechanical hyperalgesia 4 and 14 days after the surgery, respectively. The open field test did not reveal locomotor deficits in rats treated with intranasal ketamine.
This study has demonstrated that intranasal ketamine produces analgesic effects in inflammatory and neuropathic facial pain models and may represent an adjuvant in the treatment of such conditions, especially when rapid pain relief is needed.
评估 S-氯胺酮经鼻给药在不同大鼠面部疼痛模型中的镇痛效果。
采用福尔马林注射于上唇诱导的伤害性反应和辣椒素或角叉菜胶注射于上唇诱导的面部痛觉过敏来评估 S-氯胺酮经鼻给药对大鼠急性面部疼痛模型的镇痛作用（n = 173）。还评估了 S-氯胺酮经鼻给药对眶下神经缩窄（CION）引起的热和机械性痛觉过敏的影响。此外，还评估了 S-氯胺酮经鼻给药后的旷场试验中的运动活性。采用双向重复测量方差分析，随后进行 Bonferroni 事后校正来分析所有数据。
经鼻给予 S-氯胺酮（0.5mg/kg）不能改变口腔福尔马林测试的第一阶段，但可将第二阶段减少约 40%。经鼻给予 S-氯胺酮还可减轻由辣椒素和角叉菜胶引起的面部热痛觉过敏。在 CION 模型中，经鼻给予 0.5mg/kg 的 S-氯胺酮可逆转热痛觉过敏，而 1mg/kg 的 S-氯胺酮分别在手术后 4 天和 14 天减轻机械性痛觉过敏。旷场试验未显示经鼻给予 S-氯胺酮的大鼠存在运动缺陷。
本研究表明，S-氯胺酮经鼻给药在炎症性和神经性面部疼痛模型中具有镇痛作用，可能是治疗这些疾病的辅助手段，特别是在需要快速缓解疼痛时。
