评估牙科学生为服务不足人群提供治疗的准备情况：一项范围综述。

Assessing Dental Students' Readiness to Treat Populations That Are Underserved: A Scoping Review.

作者信息

Furlini Linda, Noushi Nioushah, Castonguay Geneviève, Allison Paul, Bedos Christophe, De Souza Raphael, Esfandiari Shahrokh, Hovey Richard, Macdonald Mary Ellen, Morris Martin, Nicolau Belinda, Power Frances, Feine Jocelyne

机构信息

Linda Furlini, PhD, is Research Associate, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Nioushah Noushi, MSc, is a PhD student, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Geneviève Castonguay, PhD, is Research Associate, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Paul Allison, PhD, is Dean, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Christophe Bedos, PhD, is Associate Professor, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Raphael De Souza, PhD, is Associate Professor, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Shahrokh Esfandiari, PhD, is Associate Dean, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Richard Hovey, PhD, is Associate Professor, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Mary Ellen Macdonald, PhD, is Associate Professor, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Martin Morris, MSc, is Librarian, Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University; Belinda Nicolau, PhD, is Associate Professor, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; Frances Power, DDS, is Assistant Professor, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University; and Jocelyne Feine, PhD, is Professor, Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University.

出版信息

J Dent Educ. 2018 May;82(5):483-491. doi: 10.21815/JDE.018.053.

DOI:10.21815/JDE.018.053

PMID:29717072

Abstract

In North America, all dental schools have adopted some form of community-based dental education (CBDE) or service-learning, but little is known about the areas being researched and reported in published studies. The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review to determine what areas of research had been conducted to determine the effects of CBDE on dental students' readiness to treat populations that are underserved. A systematic search of articles published in English or French since 2000 was performed on July 29, 2015, and combined quantitative and qualitative synthesis of data was conducted. Of the 32 studies evaluated, 23 (72%) were quantitative, seven (22%) were qualitative, and two were multi-method. The majority (66%) used self-report methods, most frequently surveys. Participants in 50% of the studies were fourth-year dental students; the others assessed third- and fourth-year (13%), first- and second-year (6%), and first-year (13%) students. Dentists were the participants in three studies (9%), with dentists and students in one study (3%). Either the types of populations receiving care were unspecified or four or more groups were pooled together in 25 studies (78%), while two focused on children, one on rural populations, one on elderly populations, two on persons with special health care needs, and one on low-income populations. The study areas were wide-ranging, but generally fell into three categories: student performance (37.5%), teaching approaches and evaluation methods (37.5%), and perceptions of CBDE (25%). This review identified many research gaps for determining whether students are prepared to treat populations that are underserved. The disparate nature of CBDE research demonstrates a compelling argument for determining elements that define student readiness to care for patients who are underserved and for research that includes the voices of patients, curriculum development, and more comprehensive and rigorous evaluation methodologies.

摘要

在北美，所有牙科学校都采用了某种形式的基于社区的牙科教育（CBDE）或服务学习，但对于已发表研究中所探讨和报告的领域却知之甚少。本研究的目的是进行一项范围综述，以确定在哪些研究领域开展了相关研究，以探究CBDE对牙科学生治疗服务不足人群的准备情况的影响。2015年7月29日，对自2000年以来以英文或法文发表的文章进行了系统检索，并对数据进行了定量和定性综合分析。在评估的32项研究中，23项（72%）为定量研究，7项（22%）为定性研究，2项为多方法研究。大多数（66%）采用自我报告方法，最常见的是调查。50%的研究参与者为牙科四年级学生；其他研究评估了三年级和四年级学生（13%）、一年级和二年级学生（6%）以及一年级学生（13%）。有三项研究（9%）的参与者是牙医，一项研究（3%）的参与者是牙医和学生。在25项研究（78%）中，接受护理的人群类型未明确说明，或者将四个或更多群体合并在一起，而两项研究关注儿童，一项关注农村人口，一项关注老年人口，两项关注有特殊医疗需求的人群，一项关注低收入人群。研究领域广泛，但一般可分为三类：学生表现（37.5%）、教学方法和评估方法（37.5%）以及对CBDE的看法（25%）。本综述确定了在确定学生是否准备好治疗服务不足人群方面存在许多研究空白。CBDE研究的不同性质表明，有必要确定界定学生为服务不足患者提供护理准备情况的要素，并开展包括患者声音、课程开发以及更全面、严格评估方法的研究。