Jiang Shang Tao, Wang Huo Yan, Zhou Jian Min, Chen Zhao Ming, Liu Xiao Wei, Jia Yun Sheng
1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2016 May;27(5):1503-1510. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201605.034.
A field micro-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different placement methods and types of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on winter wheat growth and phosphorus uptake. P fertilizer types included monocalcium phosphate (MCP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). P fertilizer application methods included: 1) surface broadcasting (S); 2) banding 5 cm below seeds (B); 3) banding 5 cm below and 3 cm away from seeds (B); 4) banding 5 cm below and 10 cm away from seeds (B); 5) mixing with the 20% of the top soil below seeds (M). The result showed that B had the best effect on increasing yield, reached 7.63 t·hm in MCP-B and 7.99 t·hm in DAP-B, which increased 10.3% and 10.7%, respectively compared with surface broadcasting. B had the lowest grain yield (6.60-6.77 t·hm). The total P uptake by wheat in B and M was at a relatively high level (34.42-35.60 kg·hm), B performed worst at all growth stages of wheat, while P uptake of DAP-B was 11.9% higher than MCP-B. These results indicated that concentrating P fertilizer in a short distance near the seeds was an optimized application method for winter wheat in this region, and DAP performed better than MCP on P uptake and utilization of wheat under far banding.
通过田间小区试验，研究不同磷肥施用方式和类型对冬小麦生长及磷素吸收的影响。磷肥类型包括过磷酸钙（MCP）和磷酸二铵（DAP）。磷肥施用方式包括：1）撒施（S）；2）种子下方5厘米条施（B）；3）种子下方5厘米、旁开3厘米条施（B）；4）种子下方5厘米、旁开10厘米条施（B）；5）与种子下方20%的表层土壤混施（M）。结果表明，条施对增产效果最佳，过磷酸钙条施（MCP - B）产量达7.63吨·公顷，磷酸二铵条施（DAP - B）产量达7.99吨·公顷，分别比撒施增产10.3%和10.7%。撒施产量最低（6.60 - 6.77吨·公顷）。条施和混施处理下小麦的总磷吸收量处于较高水平（34.42 - 35.60千克·公顷），条施在小麦各生育期表现最差，而磷酸二铵条施的磷吸收量比过磷酸钙条施高11.9%。这些结果表明，在该地区将磷肥集中施于种子附近的短距离内是冬小麦的优化施肥方式，在远条施条件下，磷酸二铵在小麦磷吸收和利用方面比过磷酸钙表现更好。
