a Department of Psychology , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milano , Italy.
b Department of Psychology , Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands.
Cogn Emot. 2019 May;33(3):616-622. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1472554. Epub 2018 May 11.
The eyes reveal important social messages, such as emotions and whether a person is aroused and interested or bored and fatigued. A growing body of research has also shown that individuals with large pupils are generally evaluated positively by observers, while those with small pupils are perceived negatively. Here, we examined whether observed pupil size influences approach-avoidance tendencies. Participants performed an Approach-Avoidance Task using faces with large and small pupil sizes. Results showed that pupil size influences the accuracy of arm movements. Specifically, individuals were less prone to approach a face with small pupils than a face with large pupils. Conversely, participants were less prone to avoid a face with large pupils than a face with small pupils. Collectively, these findings suggest that perceivers attend to a facial cue - pupil size - when interacting with others.
眼睛揭示了重要的社交信息，例如情绪，以及一个人是兴奋和感兴趣还是无聊和疲劳。越来越多的研究表明，瞳孔较大的个体通常会被观察者积极评价，而瞳孔较小的个体则会被消极感知。在这里，我们研究了瞳孔大小是否会影响接近-回避倾向。参与者使用瞳孔大小较大和较小的面孔进行了接近-回避任务。结果表明，瞳孔大小会影响手臂运动的准确性。具体来说，与瞳孔较大的面孔相比，个体不太倾向于接近瞳孔较小的面孔。相反，与瞳孔较小的面孔相比，参与者不太倾向于回避瞳孔较大的面孔。总的来说，这些发现表明，当与他人互动时，感知者会注意到面部线索——瞳孔大小。
