Colorado Mesa University, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Grand Junction, Colorado 81503, USA.
University of Notre Dame, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
Phys Rev E. 2018 Mar;97(3-1):033106. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.97.033106.
We investigate the nature of vapor bubble formation near a nanoscale-curved convex liquid-solid interface using two models: an equilibrium Gibbs model for homogenous nucleation, and a nonequilibrium dynamic van der Waals-diffuse-interface model for phase change in an initially cool liquid. Vapor bubble formation is shown to occur for sufficiently large radius of curvature and is suppressed for smaller radii. Solid-fluid interactions are accounted for and it is shown that liquid-vapor interfacial energy, and hence Laplace pressure, has limited influence over bubble formation. The dominant factor is the energetic cost of creating the solid-vapor interface from the existing solid-liquid interface, as demonstrated via both equilibrium and nonequilibrium arguments.
我们使用两种模型研究了纳米级凸形液-固界面附近蒸汽泡的形成本质：均相成核的平衡吉布斯模型和初始冷却液体中相变的非平衡动态范德华-扩散界面模型。结果表明，当曲率半径足够大时，会发生蒸汽泡形成，而当曲率半径较小时，蒸汽泡形成则受到抑制。我们考虑了固-液相互作用，并表明液体-蒸汽界面能（因此拉普拉斯压力）对气泡形成的影响有限。通过平衡和非平衡论证，我们证明了从现有固-液界面创建固-汽界面的能量成本是起主要作用的因素。
