Midwifery Management of Pregnant Women Who Are Obese.

INTRODUCTION

Obesity is associated with increased risks for adverse health outcomes during and after pregnancy in both the woman with obesity and her infant. This study was designed to investigate midwifery management of pregnant women with obesity.

METHODS

Certified midwives and certified nurse-midwives who were members of the American College of Nurse-Midwives were sent a survey. The survey instrument was divided into 4 sections: demographic characteristics; practice guidelines and protocols; the role of the 2015 Levels of Maternal Care guidelines for referral, including transfer to a higher level of care; and factors that influence management of pregnant women with obesity. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data.

RESULTS

In a sample of 546 midwives, 87% of respondents reported observing an increase in perinatal complications associated with obesity. Midwives reported increasing discomfort with the care of pregnant women with obesity as body mass index (BMI) increased. For pregnant women with extreme obesity, the respondents reported less frequent use of physiologic birth guidelines only and increased use of interventions, referral to physician care, and transfer to a higher level of care. Approximately half (270, 49.5%) reported having a guideline that addressed the care of women with obesity. Of these, 145 midwives (53.7%) reported that extreme obesity was the BMI threshold for identifying an increased or high risk for perinatal complications. Sixty percent (339) of midwives who participated requested guidance for management of laboring women who are obese.

DISCUSSION

This study provides a greater understanding of midwifery management practices when caring for women with obesity and opportunities to improve care. The results suggest that midwifery management alters with increased BMI, specifically in the care of women with extreme obesity. Suggestions for future study include research on management of pregnant women with obesity and extreme obesity with outcome data examining management strategies that provide safe, satisfying care.