Deng Lifang, Marcoulides George A, Yuan Ke-Hai
Beihang University, Beijing, China.
University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Educ Psychol Meas. 2015 Jun;75(3):512-534. doi: 10.1177/0013164414541275. Epub 2014 Jul 4.
Certain diversity among team members is beneficial to the growth of an organization. Multiple measures have been proposed to quantify diversity, although little is known about their psychometric properties. This article proposes several methods to evaluate the unidimensionality and reliability of three measures of diversity. To approximate the interval scale required by the measures of diversity, a transformation on the Likert-item scores is proposed. Ridge maximum likelihood is used to deal with the issue of small sample size, and methods for evaluating the significance of the difference of two reliability estimates with correlated samples are also developed. Results with a real data set on entrepreneurial teams indicate that different measures of diversity may correspond to significantly different estimates of reliability. Results also indicate that diversity measures obtained with the transformed data tend to be more unidimensional than their counterparts obtained from Likert data. However, diversity measures obtained from Likert data tend to yield greater reliability estimates. Among the three examined measures of diversity, the standard deviation is found to yield greater and more efficient reliability estimates than the others and is thus recommended.
团队成员之间的某种多样性有利于组织的发展。虽然人们对多种量化多样性的方法的心理测量特性知之甚少,但已经提出了多种措施来量化多样性。本文提出了几种方法来评估三种多样性测量方法的单维性和可靠性。为了近似多样性测量所需的区间尺度,提出了对李克特量表项目得分的转换。岭极大似然法用于处理小样本量问题,还开发了评估相关样本两个可靠性估计值差异显著性的方法。一个关于创业团队的真实数据集的结果表明,不同的多样性测量方法可能对应于显著不同的可靠性估计值。结果还表明,通过转换后的数据获得的多样性测量方法往往比从李克特数据获得的对应方法更具单维性。然而,从李克特数据获得的多样性测量方法往往会产生更高的可靠性估计值。在三种被检验的多样性测量方法中,发现标准差比其他方法能产生更高且更有效的可靠性估计值,因此推荐使用。
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