Morais Fábio Barreto
Hospital de Olhos de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2018 Apr;81(2):161-165. doi: 10.5935/0004-2749.20180035.
The Nobel Prize is the world's foremost honor for scientific advances in medicine and other areas. Founded by Alfred Nobel, the prizes have been awarded annually since 1901. We reviewed the literature on persons who have won or competed for this prize in subjects related to vision and ophthalmology. The topics were divided into vision physiology, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, disease mechanism, and miscellaneous categories. Allvar Gullstrand is the only ophthalmologist to win a Nobel Prize; he is also the only one to receive it for work in ophthalmology. Other ophthalmologists that have been nominated were Hjalmar Schiötz (tonometer), Karl Koller (topical anesthesia), and Jules Gonin (retinal detachment). Other scientists have won the prize for eye-related research: Ragnar Granit, Haldan Hartline and George Wald (chemistry and physiology of vision), and David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel (processing in the visual system). Peter Medawar is the only person born in Brazil to have won the Nobel Prize.
诺贝尔奖是世界上授予医学及其他领域科学进步的最高荣誉。该奖项由阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔创立，自1901年起每年颁发。我们回顾了关于在视觉和眼科相关领域获得该奖项或参与竞争的人员的文献。主题分为视觉生理学、诊断和治疗方法、疾病机制以及其他类别。阿尔瓦·古尔斯特兰德是唯一一位获得诺贝尔奖的眼科医生；他也是唯一因眼科工作而获得该奖的人。其他被提名的眼科医生包括 Hjalmar Schiötz（眼压计）、Karl Koller（表面麻醉）和 Jules Gonin（视网膜脱离）。其他科学家因与眼睛相关的研究而获奖：拉格纳·格拉尼特、霍尔丹·哈特林和乔治·沃尔德（视觉化学与生理学），以及大卫·休伯尔和托尔斯滕·维塞尔（视觉系统处理）。彼得·梅达沃是唯一出生在巴西且获得诺贝尔奖的人。
