Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2019 Jan;1864(1):37-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.013. Epub 2018 May 28.
The adipose organ portrays adipocytes of diverse tones: white, brown and beige, each type with distinct functions. Adipocytes orchestrate their adaptation and expansion to provide storage to excess nutrients, the quick mobilisation of fuel to supply peripheral functional demands, insulation, and, in their thermogenic form, heat generation to maintain core body temperature. Thermogenic adipocytes could be targets for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic therapeutic approaches aiming to restore adipose tissue functionality and increase energy dissipation. However, for thermogenic adipose tissue to become therapeutically relevant, a better understanding of its development and origins, its progenitors and their characteristics and the composition of its niche, is essential. Also crucial is the identification of stimuli and molecules promoting its specific differentiation and activation. Here we highlight the structural/cellular differences between human and rodent brown adipose tissue and discuss how obesity and metabolic complication affects brown and beige cells as well as how they could be targeted to improve their activation and improve global metabolic homeostasis. Finally, we describe the limitations of current research models and the advantages of new emerging approaches.
白色、棕色和米色，每种类型都具有独特的功能。脂肪细胞协调其适应性和扩张，为过量营养物质提供储存，快速动员燃料以供应外周功能需求，提供隔热，并以产热形式产生热量以维持核心体温。产热脂肪细胞可能成为抗肥胖和抗糖尿病治疗方法的靶点，旨在恢复脂肪组织功能并增加能量消耗。然而，为了使产热脂肪组织具有治疗相关性，必须更好地了解其发育和起源、其祖细胞及其特征以及其生态位的组成。同样关键的是确定促进其特定分化和激活的刺激物和分子。在这里，我们强调了人和啮齿动物棕色脂肪组织之间的结构/细胞差异，并讨论了肥胖和代谢并发症如何影响棕色和米色细胞，以及如何针对它们来改善它们的激活并改善整体代谢平衡。最后，我们描述了当前研究模型的局限性和新兴方法的优势。
