Fullard J H, Heller B
Insect Behaviour Group, Department of Zoology, Erindale College, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6.
J Morphol. 1990 Apr;204(1):57-65. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1052040107.
The exoskeletal morphology, muscular organization, and innervation patterns of the tymbals of seven sound-producing species of tiger moths (Arctiidae) were compared with the undifferentiated episterna of two silent species. At least three muscles are involved in sound production: the tymbal muscle, pv2, and the accessory muscles, pvl and/or pv6. All of the tymbal muscles are innervated by the IIIN2a branch of the metathoracic leg nerve, which contains two axons larger than the others. Backfills of the tymbal branch of the IIIN2a reveal a medial sensory neuropil and a population of five ipsilateral motor neurons whose somata are clustered into three groups along the anterior edge of the metathoracic ganglion. The dendritic arborizations of the motor neurons extend to the ganglionic midline but are separate from one part of the auditory neuropil observed in other noctuoids. The study concludes that the arctiid tymbal reveals only minor modifications (e.g., cuticle thinning) of the episterna of silent moths and represents a primitive form of the tymbal compared to those of the Cicadidae.
将七种发声的灯蛾（灯蛾科）的鼓膜的外骨骼形态、肌肉组织和神经支配模式与两种不发声物种未分化的侧板进行了比较。至少有三块肌肉参与发声：鼓膜肌、pv2以及辅助肌pvl和/或pv6。所有的鼓膜肌都由后胸腿神经的IIIN2a分支支配，该分支包含两条比其他轴突更大的轴突。对IIIN2a鼓膜分支进行逆向填充显示出一个内侧感觉神经纤维网和一群五个同侧运动神经元，其胞体沿着后胸神经节的前缘聚集成三组。运动神经元的树突分支延伸到神经节中线，但与在其他夜蛾类中观察到的听觉神经纤维网的一部分是分开的。该研究得出结论，灯蛾科的鼓膜与不发声蛾类的侧板相比，仅显示出轻微的改变（如表皮变薄），并且与蝉科的鼓膜相比，代表了一种原始形式。
