Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361001, China.
Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 May 23;15(6):1059. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15061059.
Urban development is a major cause for eco-degradation in many coastal regions. Understanding urbanization dynamics and underlying driving factors is crucial for urban planning and management. Land-use dynamic degree indices and intensity analysis were used to measure land changes occurred in 1990, 2002, 2009, and 2017 in the coastal zone around Quanzhou bay, which is a rapidly urbanized bay in Southeast China. The comprehensive land-use dynamic degree and interval level intensity analysis both revealed that land change was accelerating across the three time intervals in a three-kilometer-wide zone along the coastal line (zone A), while land change was fastest during the second time interval 2002⁻2009 in a separate terrestrial area within coastal zone (zone B). Driven by urbanization, built-up gains and cropland losses were active for all time intervals in both zones. Mudflat losses were active except in the first time interval in zone A due to the intensive sea reclamation. The gain of mangrove was active while the loss of mangrove is dormant for all three intervals in zone A. Transition level analysis further revealed the similarities and differences in processes within patterns of land changes for both zones. The transition from cropland to built-up was systematically targeted and stationary while the transition from woodland to built-up was systematically avoiding transition in both zones. Built-up tended to target aquaculture for the second and third time intervals in zone A but avoid Aquaculture for all intervals in zone B. Land change in zone A was more significant than that in zone B during the second and third time intervals at three-level intensity. The application of intensity analysis can enhance our understanding of the patterns and processes in land changes and suitable land development plans in the Quanzhou bay area. This type of investigation is useful to provide information for developing sound land use policy to achieve urban sustainability in similar coastal areas.
城市发展是许多沿海地区生态退化的主要原因。了解城市化动态及其潜在驱动因素对于城市规划和管理至关重要。本研究采用土地利用动态度指数和强度分析方法，测度了中国东南沿海快速城市化海湾——泉州湾近岸地区 1990 年、2002 年、2009 年和 2017 年的土地变化。综合土地利用动态度和区间强度分析均表明，在距海岸线 3 公里宽的沿海地带（A 区），三个时间段的土地变化均在加速，而在单独的滨海陆地（B 区），土地变化最快的时间段是 2002-2009 年。在城市化的驱动下，两个区域所有时间段建设用地的增加和耕地的减少都很活跃。由于围填海活动强烈，除了第一个时间段，A 区的滩涂损失也很活跃。A 区红树林的增益活跃，而 B 区红树林的损失处于休眠状态，所有三个时间段均如此。转换水平分析进一步揭示了两个区域土地变化模式中过程的异同。两个区域的耕地向建设用地的转换均具有系统性和稳定性，而林地向建设用地的转换则具有系统性和回避性。在 A 区的第二和第三个时间段，建设用地主要针对水产养殖，而在 B 区的所有时间段，建设用地都回避水产养殖。在高强度水平下，A 区在第二和第三个时间段的土地变化比 B 区更为显著。强度分析的应用可以增强我们对土地变化模式和过程的理解，并为泉州湾地区制定合适的土地开发规划提供依据。这种研究对于为类似沿海地区制定合理的土地利用政策、实现城市可持续发展提供信息具有重要意义。
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