Northwestern University, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States.
University of Illinois at Chicago, 1200 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60607, United States.
Soc Sci Med. 2018 Aug;211:16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.050. Epub 2018 May 30.
Few studies have examined contributions of paternal factors to birth outcomes. Weathering is a pattern of increasing rates of adverse birth outcome with increasing maternal age. This study evaluates for an association between paternal involvement and weathering in the context of preterm birth (PTB, <37 weeks) among non-Hispanic African-American and non-Hispanic White women with and without lifelong exposure to neighborhood poverty. Using the Illinois transgenerational dataset with appended US census income information of infants (1989-1991) and their mothers (1956-1976), we compared infants of women by degree of paternal involvement: married, unmarried with father named on birth certificate, and unnamed father. Data were stratified by maternal residence in higher or lower income neighborhoods at both the time of mothers' birth and infants' birth, estimating maternal lifelong economic context. We computed race-specific PTB rates according to maternal age, lifelong neighborhood income, and paternal involvement. We calculated Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests of linear trend from contingency tables to evaluate weathering. Among African-Americans (n = 39,991) with unnamed fathers and lifelong residence in lower income neighborhoods, PTB rate was lowest among teens at 18.8%, compared to 21.5% for 30-35 year-old mothers (p for linear trend <0.05). Among African-Americans with unnamed fathers and lifelong residence in higher income neighborhoods, PTB rate among teens was 16%, compared to 25% for 30-35 year-old mothers (p = 0.21). Among married African-Americans with lifelong residence in lower income neighborhoods, PTB rate among teens was 16.4%, compared to 12.5% for 30-35 year-old mothers (p = 0.79). Among married African-Americans with lifelong residence in higher income neighborhoods, PTB rate among teens was 20%, compared to 11.4% for 30-35 year-old mothers (p = 0.40). White mothers (n = 31,981) did not demonstrate weathering, regardless of paternal involvement and neighborhood poverty. We conclude that weathering was not seen among married African-Americans, independent of neighborhood income, suggesting a potentially protective mechanism associated with paternal involvement.
很少有研究探讨父亲因素对生育结果的贡献。风化是一种随着母亲年龄的增长，不良生育结果发生率增加的模式。本研究评估了在非西班牙裔非洲裔美国人和非西班牙裔白种女性中，在有和没有终生暴露于邻里贫困的情况下，父亲参与度与早产（<37 周）之间的关联，这些女性都存在这种情况。利用伊利诺伊州跨代数据集，并附有婴儿（1989-1991 年）及其母亲（1956-1976 年）的美国人口普查收入信息，我们根据父亲参与度将母亲的婴儿分为以下几类：已婚、出生证明上有父亲姓名但未婚、无名父亲。数据根据母亲出生和婴儿出生时居住在高收入或低收入社区的情况进行分层，估计母亲终生的经济背景。我们根据母亲年龄、终生邻里收入和父亲参与度计算了特定种族的早产率。我们从列联表中计算了曼-惠特尼卡方检验的线性趋势，以评估风化。在非西班牙裔非洲裔美国人（n=39991）中，无名父亲且终生居住在低收入社区的情况下，18 岁的青少年的早产率最低，为 18.8%，而 30-35 岁母亲的早产率为 21.5%（线性趋势 p<0.05）。在非西班牙裔非洲裔美国人中，无名父亲且终生居住在高收入社区的情况下，青少年的早产率为 16%，而 30-35 岁母亲的早产率为 25%（p=0.21）。在终生居住在低收入社区的已婚非西班牙裔非洲裔美国人中，青少年的早产率为 16.4%，而 30-35 岁母亲的早产率为 12.5%（p=0.79）。在终生居住在高收入社区的已婚非西班牙裔非洲裔美国人中，青少年的早产率为 20%，而 30-35 岁母亲的早产率为 11.4%（p=0.40）。白人母亲（n=31981）无论父亲参与度和邻里贫困情况如何，都没有表现出风化现象。我们的结论是，在非西班牙裔非洲裔美国人中，没有观察到风化现象，这与社区收入无关，表明与父亲参与度相关的潜在保护机制。
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