Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering Department, Cairo, Egypt.
University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Bari, Italy.
Environ Res. 2018 Oct;166:363-376. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.029. Epub 2018 Jun 20.
In this study, the simulations generated by two of the most widely used hydrological basin-scale models, the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), were compared in a Mediterranean watershed, the Carapelle (Apulia, Southern Italy). Input data requirements, time and efforts needed for input preparation, strength and weakness points of each model, ease of use and limitations were evaluated in order to give information to users. Models were calibrated and validated at monthly time scale for hydrology and sediment load using a four year period of observations (streamflow and suspended sediment concentrations). In the driest year, the specific sediment load measured at the outlet was 0.89 t ha yr, while the simulated values were 0.83 t ha yr and 1.99 t ha yr for SWAT and AnnAGNPS, respectively. In the wettest year, the specific measured sediment load was 7.45 t ha yr, and the simulated values were 8.27 t ha yr and 6.23 t ha yr for SWAT and AnnAGNPS, respectively. Both models showed from fair to a very good correlation between observed and simulated streamflow and satisfactory for sediment load. Results showed that most of the basin is under moderate (1.4-10 t ha yr) and high-risk erosion (> 10 t ha yr). The sediment yield predicted by the SWAT and AnnAGNPS models were compared with estimates of soil erosion simulated by models for Europe (PESERA and RUSLE2015). The average gross erosion estimated by the RUSLE2015 model (12.5 t ha yr) resulted comparable with the average specific sediment yield estimated by SWAT (8.8 t ha yr) and AnnAGNPS (5.6 t ha yr), while it was found that the average soil erosion estimated by PESERA is lower than the other estimates (1.2 t ha yr).
在这项研究中，比较了两种最广泛使用的水文流域尺度模型——年度农业非点源（AnnAGNPS）和土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）——在一个地中海流域——卡拉佩勒（意大利南部普利亚）的模拟结果。评估了每个模型的输入数据要求、输入准备所需的时间和精力、优势和劣势、易用性和局限性，以便为用户提供信息。使用四年的观测数据（流量和悬浮泥沙浓度）对模型进行了每月时间尺度的水文和泥沙负荷校准和验证。在最干旱的一年，出口处测量的特定泥沙负荷为 0.89t/ha/yr，而 SWAT 和 AnnAGNPS 的模拟值分别为 0.83t/ha/yr 和 1.99t/ha/yr。在最潮湿的一年，测量的特定泥沙负荷为 7.45t/ha/yr，SWAT 和 AnnAGNPS 的模拟值分别为 8.27t/ha/yr 和 6.23t/ha/yr。两个模型都显示出观测流量和模拟流量之间具有良好的相关性，泥沙负荷也令人满意。结果表明，流域大部分地区处于中度（1.4-10t/ha/yr）和高风险侵蚀（>10t/ha/yr）状态。SWAT 和 AnnAGNPS 模型预测的泥沙产率与欧洲模型（PESERA 和 RUSLE2015）模拟的土壤侵蚀估计值进行了比较。RUSLE2015 模型估计的平均总侵蚀量（12.5t/ha/yr）与 SWAT（8.8t/ha/yr）和 AnnAGNPS（5.6t/ha/yr）估计的平均特定泥沙产率相当，而 PESERA 估计的平均土壤侵蚀量则低于其他估计值（1.2t/ha/yr）。
