城市、郊区、城镇和农村地区跨性别和性别多样化青少年的情绪困扰、欺凌受害和保护因素。
Emotional Distress, Bullying Victimization, and Protective Factors Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents in City, Suburban, Town, and Rural Locations.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
出版信息
J Rural Health. 2019 Mar;35(2):270-281. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12311. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
PURPOSE
Understanding the root causes of the substantial disparities in risk and protective factors among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adolescents is essential to the development and expansion of resources and supports for this vulnerable population. This study examines differences in emotional distress, bullying victimization, and protective factors among TGD high school students in city, suburban, town, and rural locations.
METHODS
Data come from a statewide school-based survey conducted in Minnesota in 2016 (n = 2,168 TGD youth). Analysis of covariance models were used to predict the prevalence of multiple indicators of emotional distress, bullying victimization, and protective factors across the 4 location categories, with multiple adjustments.
FINDINGS
Significant linear trends were observed for 2 emotional distress outcomes and 2 bullying victimization outcomes, with urban TGD students having the lowest rates and rural having the highest prevalences. Additional significant differences in emotional distress were noted, with unexpectedly high rates of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among suburban students.
CONCLUSIONS
Helping TGD adolescents in all types of locations identify resources and supportive professionals is critical to supporting this population.
目的
了解 transgender 和 gender diverse（跨性别和性别多样化）青少年在风险和保护因素方面存在显著差异的根本原因，对于为这一弱势群体开发和扩大资源和支持至关重要。本研究考察了城市、郊区、城镇和农村地区 TGD 高中生在情绪困扰、欺凌受害和保护因素方面的差异。
方法
数据来自明尼苏达州 2016 年进行的一项全州范围的基于学校的调查（n=2168 名跨性别和性别多样化青年）。使用协方差分析模型预测了 4 个地点类别的多个情绪困扰、欺凌受害和保护因素指标的流行率，进行了多次调整。
结果
观察到 2 个情绪困扰结果和 2 个欺凌受害结果的显著线性趋势，城市 TGD 学生的比率最低，农村的流行率最高。情绪困扰方面还存在其他显著差异，令人意外的是，郊区学生的抑郁症状和自杀意念发生率很高。
结论
帮助所有类型地点的 TGD 青少年识别资源和支持专业人员对于支持这一人群至关重要。
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