Cristofolini Luca
Laboratory for Biomaterials Technology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institutes, Bologna, Italy, and Engineering Faculty, University of Bologna, Italy.
Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2017;45(1-6):549-623. doi: 10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v45.i1-6.190.
In vitro evaluation of the load transfer of hip prostheses has been performed in recent years for the purpose of understanding the stress shielding phenomena. Over 200 papers were reviewed to determine if a standard exists to evaluate and compare the performance of hip stems. Surprisingly, it was found that little agreement exists in the testing protocol. This makes it very difficult to compare the results reported in different investigations. In several cases very incomplete data are reported about the testing conditions, thus making it impossible to compare the results. This article focuses on: (1) how the loading conditions should be chosen based on physiological loading in a way to give a reproducible setup; (2) how the femur should be constrained; (3) how to generate the same system of loads in the intact and the implanted femur; (4) how to define a reference system; (5) how the specimen type and sample size are chosen; (6) the advantages and limitations of the different strain measurement techniques; (7) how the testing parameters have been chosen in the literature; and (8) how the accuracy of the results has been reported in the literature.
近年来，为了了解应力屏蔽现象，已对髋关节假体的负荷传递进行了体外评估。查阅了200多篇论文，以确定是否存在评估和比较股骨干性能的标准。令人惊讶的是，发现测试方案中几乎没有达成共识。这使得很难比较不同研究报告的结果。在一些情况下，关于测试条件的报告数据非常不完整，因此无法比较结果。本文重点关注：（1）如何根据生理负荷选择加载条件，以提供可重复的设置；（2）如何对股骨进行约束；（3）如何在完整股骨和植入股骨中产生相同的载荷系统；（4）如何定义参考系统；（5）如何选择标本类型和样本大小；（6）不同应变测量技术的优缺点；（7）文献中如何选择测试参数；（8）文献中如何报告结果的准确性。
