Cummings K M, Jette A M, Rosenstock I M
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor 48109.
Health Educ Monogr. 1978 Winter;6(4):394-405. doi: 10.1177/109019817800600406.
A multitrait-multimethod design was employed to assess the construct validity of the Health Belief Model. The data were obtained from a nonrepresentative sample of 85 graduate students at The University of Michigan's School of Public Health. The traits consisted of the respondents' perceptions of: health interest, locus of control, susceptibility to influenza, severity of influenza, benefits provided by a flu shot, and the barriers or costs associated with getting a flu shot. Each trait was measured by three methods: a seven-point Likert scale, a fixed-alternative multiple choice scale, and a vignette. The results indicate that the Health Belief Model variables can be measured with a substantial amount of convergent validity using Likert or multiple choice questionnaire items. With regard to discriminant validity, evidence suggests that subjects' perceptions of barriers and benefits are quite different from their perceptions of susceptibility and severity. Perceptions of susceptibility and severity are substantially but not entirely independent. Perceived benefits and barriers demonstrate a strong negative relationship which suggests the possibility that these two variables represent opposite ends of a single continuum and not separate health beliefs. These preliminary results provide the basis for developing brief health belief scales that may be administered to samples of consumers and providers to assess educational needs. Such needs assessment, in turn, could then be used to tailor messages and programs to meet the particular needs of a client group.
采用多特质-多方法设计来评估健康信念模型的结构效度。数据取自密歇根大学公共卫生学院85名研究生的非代表性样本。这些特质包括受访者对以下方面的认知：健康兴趣、控制点、感染流感的易感性、流感的严重性、接种流感疫苗的益处以及接种流感疫苗的障碍或成本。每个特质通过三种方法进行测量：七点李克特量表、固定选项多项选择量表和 vignette。结果表明，使用李克特量表或多项选择问卷项目可以通过大量的收敛效度来测量健康信念模型变量。关于区分效度，有证据表明，受试者对障碍和益处的认知与他们对易感性和严重性的认知有很大不同。易感性和严重性的认知在很大程度上但并非完全独立。感知到的益处和障碍呈现出强烈的负相关关系，这表明这两个变量可能代表单一连续体的两端，而不是独立的健康信念。这些初步结果为开发简短的健康信念量表提供了基础，这些量表可用于对消费者和提供者样本进行评估，以确定教育需求。反过来，这种需求评估可用于定制信息和项目，以满足特定客户群体的特殊需求。
