Zhang Li, Lin Jia-Ning, Zhang Yuan, Wang Shu-Ping, Zhang Xiao-Jiao
College of Environmental Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 May 8;39(5):2368-2379. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201710055.
Eukaryotic micro-plankton plays a key role in the marine biotic community and in maintaining the stability of the marine ecosystem. In order to determine the diversity and characteristics of eukaryotic micro-plankton in the Yellow Sea, Illumina high-throughput sequencing, based on gene markers of ITS, was conducted. An analysis of the relationship between community structure and environmental factors was conducted as well. The results are summarized in the following. ① Various of species of fungi, phytoplankton, and zooplankton were obtained by high-throughput sequencing technology; for OTUs, the order is fungi > phytoplankton > zooplankton, and for reads, the order is fungi > zooplankton > phytoplankton. ② In different waters, species abundance and diversity differed from each other. The Ace index and Chao1 index demonstrated an ordering of southern Yellow Sea > northern Yellow Sea > northern East Sea > Cold Water Mass; however, for the Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index, the tendency followed the order of northern East Sea > northern Yellow Sea > southern Yellow Sea > Cold Water Mass. Species abundance and diversity in the Cold Water Mass were lowest. ③ The reads and OTUs of fungi, phytoplankton, and zooplankton increased as temperature rose. The reads and OTUs of fungi increased as salinity increased, while there was an opposite trend for phytoplankton and zooplankton. Latitude was another significant factor. In the range of 30° to 40° north latitude, the Shannon-Wiener index for fungi and zooplankton indicated an increasing tendency with an increase in latitude, while the Shannon-Wiener index for phytoplankton showed an opposite trend. With a greater distance from the coast, the Shannon-Wiener index of fungi, phytoplankton and zooplankton was lower. This is the first study that amplifies the use ITS in the research of marine eukaryotic micro-plankton, giving an enriched understanding of eukaryotic micro-plankton. The feasibility of applying high-throughput sequencing technology in the sea is proven, and this will provide a reference for other researchers.
真核微型浮游生物在海洋生物群落以及维持海洋生态系统稳定性方面发挥着关键作用。为了确定黄海真核微型浮游生物的多样性和特征，基于ITS基因标记进行了Illumina高通量测序。同时还对群落结构与环境因素之间的关系进行了分析。结果总结如下：①通过高通量测序技术获得了多种真菌、浮游植物和浮游动物物种；就操作分类单元（OTU）而言，顺序为真菌＞浮游植物＞浮游动物，而就读数而言，顺序为真菌＞浮游动物＞浮游植物。②在不同海域，物种丰度和多样性各不相同。Ace指数和Chao1指数显示出的顺序为南黄海＞北黄海＞东海南部＞冷水团；然而，对于辛普森指数和香农-威纳指数，趋势顺序为东海南部＞北黄海＞南黄海＞冷水团。冷水团中的物种丰度和多样性最低。③真菌、浮游植物和浮游动物的读数和OTU随温度升高而增加。真菌的读数和OTU随盐度增加而增加，而浮游植物和浮游动物则呈现相反趋势。纬度是另一个重要因素。在北纬30°至40°范围内，真菌和浮游动物的香农-威纳指数随纬度增加呈上升趋势，而浮游植物的香农-威纳指数则呈现相反趋势。离海岸距离越远，真菌、浮游植物和浮游动物的香农-威纳指数越低。这是首次将ITS扩增用于海洋真核微型浮游生物研究的研究，加深了对真核微型浮游生物的认识。证明了高通量测序技术在海洋中应用的可行性，这将为其他研究人员提供参考。
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