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SMAD4 通过抑制酪蛋白激酶 2 预防血流诱导的动静脉畸形。

SMAD4 Prevents Flow Induced Arteriovenous Malformations by Inhibiting Casein Kinase 2.

机构信息

Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine (R.O., S.H.K., F.Z., G.G., R.C., K.M., A.D., A.E.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology Department, Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (R.O.).

出版信息

Circulation. 2018 Nov 20;138(21):2379-2394. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.033842.

DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.033842
PMID:29976569
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6309254/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited vascular disorder that causes arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Mutations in the genes encoding Endoglin ( ENG) and activin-receptor-like kinase 1 ( AVCRL1 encoding ALK1) cause HHT type 1 and 2, respectively. Mutations in the SMAD4 gene are present in families with juvenile polyposis-HHT syndrome that involves AVMs. SMAD4 is a downstream effector of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family ligands that signal via activin-like kinase receptors (ALKs). Ligand-neutralizing antibodies or inducible, endothelial-specific Alk1 deletion induce AVMs in mouse models as a result of increased PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B) signaling. Here we addressed if SMAD4 was required for BMP9-ALK1 effects on PI3K/AKT pathway activation.

METHODS

The authors generated tamoxifen-inducible, postnatal, endothelial-specific Smad4 mutant mice ( Smad4).

RESULTS

We found that loss of endothelial Smad4 resulted in AVM formation and lethality. AVMs formed in regions with high blood flow in developing retinas and other tissues. Mechanistically, BMP9 signaling antagonized flow-induced AKT activation in an ALK1- and SMAD4-dependent manner. Smad4 endothelial cells in AVMs displayed increased PI3K/AKT signaling, and pharmacological PI3K inhibitors or endothelial Akt1 deletion both rescued AVM formation in Smad4 mice. BMP9-induced SMAD4 inhibited casein kinase 2 ( CK2) transcription, in turn limiting PTEN phosphorylation and AKT activation. Consequently, CK2 inhibition prevented AVM formation in Smad4 mice.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study reveals SMAD4 as an essential effector of BMP9-10/ALK1 signaling that affects AVM pathogenesis via regulation of CK2 expression and PI3K/AKT1 activation.

摘要

背景

遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症(HHT)是一种遗传性血管疾病,可导致动静脉畸形(AVMs)。编码内皮糖蛋白(ENG)和激活素受体样激酶 1(编码 ALK1 的 AVCRL1)的基因突变分别导致 HHT 1 型和 2 型。SMAD4 基因中的突变存在于涉及 AVM 的青少年息肉病-HHT 综合征的家族中。SMAD4 是转化生长因子-β(TGFβ)/骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)家族配体信号的下游效应物,通过激活素样激酶受体(ALKs)传递信号。配体中和抗体或诱导的、内皮特异性 Alk1 缺失会导致小鼠模型中 AVM 的形成,这是由于 PI3K(磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶)/AKT(蛋白激酶 B)信号的增加。在这里,我们研究了 SMAD4 是否是 BMP9-ALK1 对 PI3K/AKT 通路激活作用所必需的。

方法

作者生成了可诱导的、出生后、内皮特异性 Smad4 突变小鼠(Smad4)。

结果

我们发现内皮细胞特异性 Smad4 的缺失导致 AVM 的形成和致死。AVMs 形成于发育中的视网膜和其他组织中血流较高的区域。在机制上,BMP9 信号通过 ALK1 和 SMAD4 依赖性方式拮抗了血流诱导的 AKT 激活。在 AVM 中,Smad4 内皮细胞表现出 PI3K/AKT 信号的增加,而药理学 PI3K 抑制剂或内皮 Akt1 缺失均能挽救 Smad4 小鼠中的 AVM 形成。BMP9 诱导的 SMAD4 抑制酪蛋白激酶 2(CK2)转录,进而限制 PTEN 磷酸化和 AKT 激活。因此,CK2 抑制可防止 Smad4 小鼠中的 AVM 形成。

结论

我们的研究揭示了 SMAD4 作为 BMP9-10/ALK1 信号的必需效应物,通过调节 CK2 表达和 PI3K/AKT1 激活来影响 AVM 发病机制。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb12/6309254/dcff92e9dc55/nihms-981569-f0007.jpg
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