Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Laboratório de Biomecânica e Morfologia Funcional, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz-Quebrada, Dafundo, 1499-002, Lisbon, Portugal.
Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2018 Sep;118(9):1969-1983. doi: 10.1007/s00421-018-3932-x. Epub 2018 Jul 7.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 15-week partial range of motion (ROM) resistance training program on the vastus lateralis (VL) architecture and mechanical properties, when the time under tension (TUT) was equalized.
Nineteen untrained male subjects were randomly assigned to a control (Control; n = 8) or training (TG; n = 11) group. In the TG, the dominant and nondominant legs were randomly selected to be trained with a full ROM (FULL) or a partial ROM (PART) in an isokinetic dynamometer. Training volume was equalized based on the TUT by manipulating sets and repetitions. The VL muscle architecture was assessed by B-mode ultrasonography at rest and during maximal isometric knee extension contractions (MVCs) at ten knee angles. The VL fascicle force and specific tension were calculated from the MVCs with superimposed stimuli, accounting for the moment arm length, muscle architecture, and antagonist coactivation.
The FULL training induced changes in fascicle length (FL) (4.9 ± 2.0%, P < 0.001) and specific tension (25.8 ± 18.7%, P < 0.001). There was a moderate effect of PART training on the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) (7.8 ± 4.0%, P < 0.001, d = 0.6) and torque-angle adaptations (average increase 17.7 ± 3.9%, P < 0.05).
These results provide evidence that crucial architectural and mechanical muscle adaptations are dependent on the ROM used in strength training. It seems that muscle FL and specific tension can be increased by pure concentric training if greater ROM is used. Conversely, restricting the ROM to shorter muscle lengths promotes a greater PCSA and angle-specific strength adaptations.
本研究旨在确定在等张时间（TUT）相等的情况下，15 周的部分运动范围（ROM）抗阻训练对股外侧肌（VL）结构和力学特性的影响。
19 名未经训练的男性受试者被随机分为对照组（Control；n=8）或训练组（TG；n=11）。在 TG 中，主导腿和非主导腿被随机选择在等速测力仪中进行全 ROM（FULL）或部分 ROM（PART）训练。通过操纵组数和重复次数，根据 TUT 使训练量相等。在 rest 和最大等长膝关节伸展收缩（MVC）时，使用 B 型超声评估 VL 肌肉结构，在 10 个膝关节角度下进行测量。在叠加刺激下，从 MVC 计算 VL 肌纤维力和比张力，考虑到力臂长度、肌肉结构和拮抗肌共同激活。
FULL 训练引起肌纤维长度（FL）的变化（4.9±2.0%，P<0.001）和比张力（25.8±18.7%，P<0.001）。PART 训练对生理横截面积（PCSA）（7.8±4.0%，P<0.001，d=0.6）和扭矩-角度适应性（平均增加 17.7±3.9%，P<0.05）有中度影响。
这些结果提供了证据，表明在力量训练中使用的 ROM 对关键的肌肉结构和力学适应性有依赖性。如果使用更大的 ROM，似乎可以通过纯向心训练来增加肌纤维 FL 和比张力。相反，将 ROM 限制在较短的肌肉长度可以促进更大的 PCSA 和角度特异性力量适应性。
