Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States.
Adv Child Dev Behav. 2018;55:107-144. doi: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2018.05.003. Epub 2018 Jun 7.
This chapter considers why studies of infant looking and reaching often suggest different patterns of cognitive and perceptual development. In some cases, convergent results have emerged from studies of infant looking and reaching, but differences are common. The most typical results suggest less adult-like perception and cognition in studies of reaching than in studies of looking. Several reaching studies, however, do not fit this pattern, suggesting that reaching actions may be mediated by distinct systems of knowledge and information processing. Comparisons of research on other behaviors, such as crawling and walking, also suggest that infant knowledge systems vary across actions. Research on how adult size perception differs between verbal and reaching response behaviors is considered and used as a template to interpret the developmental results. Like adults, when infants prepare to engage in particular actions, they seem to shift their sensitivity to particular sources of information and to process that information in action-relevant ways. These tendencies suggest that distinct knowledge systems mediate different actions in infancy.
这一章探讨了为什么婴儿的注视和伸手动作研究通常会得出不同的认知和感知发展模式。在某些情况下，婴儿注视和伸手动作的研究结果是趋同的，但差异也很常见。最典型的结果表明，在伸手动作的研究中，婴儿的感知和认知能力不如在注视动作的研究中那么成人化。然而，一些伸手动作的研究并不符合这种模式，这表明伸手动作可能是由不同的知识和信息处理系统介导的。对其他行为（如爬行和行走）的研究比较也表明，婴儿的知识系统因动作而异。研究还考虑了成人对言语和伸手反应行为的大小感知有何不同，并将其作为解释发展结果的模板。与成人一样，当婴儿准备进行特定的动作时，他们似乎会改变对特定信息源的敏感性，并以与动作相关的方式处理这些信息。这些趋势表明，在婴儿期，不同的知识系统介导了不同的动作。
