制备及改善环氧丙烷橡胶复合材料的物理性能。

Preparation and Improved Physical Characteristics of Propylene Oxide Rubber Composites.

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000, Russia.

Mining Institute, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000, Russia.

出版信息

Molecules. 2018 Aug 27;23(9):2150. doi: 10.3390/molecules23092150.

DOI:10.3390/molecules23092150

PMID:30150557

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6225180/

Abstract

Sealing rubbers employed in cold climates such as the Siberian Arctic must be able to withstand temperatures as low as -50 °C while still exhibiting specific relaxation, strength, tribological characteristics, and a resistance to aggressive media. Previous investigations of propylene oxide rubber (SKPO, T = -73 °C) modified with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have revealed that, while the rubber composite materials exhibit double the wear resistance compared to unmodified polypropylene oxide rubber, they have poor frost resistance. In the present study, we developed materials based on SKPO and ultrafine PTFE (UPTFE), which can be characterized by its smaller particle size, low molecular weight, high tribo-technical characteristics, and resistance to aggressive media. The properties of the rubber composites were evaluated using the standard methods. The structures of the materials were investigated by electron microscopy and XRD analysis. It was shown that the materials have excellent wear resistance, resistance to aggressive media, compression set, and low-temperature resistance. The addition of UPTFE is preferable to the addition of PTFE because the desired positive effects can be attained with only 0.5⁻1 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) UPTFE while 20 phr PTFE would be necessary.

摘要

在像西伯利亚北极这样的寒冷气候中使用的密封橡胶必须能够承受低至-50°C 的温度，同时仍表现出特定的松弛、强度、摩擦学特性以及对腐蚀性介质的抵抗力。先前对氧化丙烯橡胶（SKPO，T=-73°C）与聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）进行的改性研究表明，虽然橡胶复合材料的耐磨性是未改性氧化丙烯橡胶的两倍，但它们的抗冻性较差。在本研究中，我们开发了基于 SKPO 和超细聚四氟乙烯（UPTFE）的材料，其特点是粒径更小、分子量更低、具有较高的摩擦技术特性以及对腐蚀性介质的抵抗力。使用标准方法评估了橡胶复合材料的性能。通过电子显微镜和 XRD 分析研究了材料的结构。结果表明，这些材料具有出色的耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、压缩永久变形和耐低温性。与添加 PTFE 相比，添加 UPTFE 更为可取，因为只需添加 0.5-1 份每百份橡胶（phr）的 UPTFE 即可达到所需的积极效果，而添加 20 phr 的 PTFE 则是必要的。