Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Sep 4;15(9):1923. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15091923.
In the United States (US), racial/ethnic minority children, low-income children, and children of immigrant families are at increased risk of childhood obesity. Mounting evidence documents that sleep duration and sleep quality are important modifiable factors associated with increased risk of obesity among preschool-aged children. The number of Brazilian immigrants in the US is increasing, yet no existing research, to our knowledge, has examined factors affecting sleep and bedtime routines of children of Brazilian immigrant families. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore Brazilian immigrant mothers' beliefs, attitudes, and practices related to sleep and bedtime routines among preschool-aged children. Seven focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 37 Brazilian immigrant mothers of preschool-age children living in the US. The audio-recordings of the FGDs were transcribed verbatim in Portuguese without identifiers and analyzed using thematic analyses. Mothers also completed a brief questionnaire assessing socio-demographic and acculturation. Analyses revealed that most mothers were aware of the importance of sleep and sleep duration for their children's healthy growth and development. Mothers also spoke of children needing consistent bedtime routines. Nevertheless, many mothers reported inconsistent and suboptimal bedtime routines (e.g., lack of predictable and orderly bedtime activities such as bath, reading, etc. and use of electronics in bed). These suboptimal routines appeared to be influenced by day-to-day social contextual and environmental factors that are part of Brazilian immigrant families' lives such as parents' work schedule, living with extended family, living in multi-family housing, neighborhood noise, etc. Analyses identified several modifiable parenting practices related to young children's sleep and bedtime routines (e.g., irregular bedtime, late bedtime, inconsistent bedtime routines, use of electronics in bed, etc.) that can be addressed in parenting- and family-based obesity prevention interventions. Interventions should consider the social context of the home/family (e.g., parents' work schedules) and the environment (e.g., multi-family housing; neighborhood noise, etc.) faced by Brazilian immigrant families when developing health promotion messages and parenting interventions tailored to this ethnic group.
在美国，少数族裔/少数民族儿童、低收入儿童和移民家庭的儿童肥胖风险增加。越来越多的证据表明，睡眠持续时间和睡眠质量是与学龄前儿童肥胖风险增加相关的重要可改变因素。在美国，巴西移民的数量正在增加，但据我们所知，目前还没有研究探讨影响巴西移民家庭儿童睡眠和就寝时间的因素。因此，本定性研究的目的是探讨巴西移民母亲对学龄前儿童睡眠和就寝时间的信念、态度和做法。对 37 名居住在美国的学龄前巴西移民儿童的母亲进行了 7 次焦点小组讨论（FGD）。FGD 的录音以葡萄牙语逐字记录，没有标识符，并使用主题分析进行分析。母亲还完成了一份简短的问卷，评估社会人口统计学和文化适应情况。分析显示，大多数母亲都意识到睡眠和睡眠持续时间对孩子健康成长和发育的重要性。母亲还提到了孩子需要一致的就寝时间。然而，许多母亲报告说，他们的就寝时间安排不一致且不理想（例如，缺乏可预测和有序的睡前活动，如洗澡、阅读等，以及在床上使用电子设备）。这些不理想的作息似乎受到巴西移民家庭日常生活和环境因素的影响，例如父母的工作安排、与大家庭一起生活、居住在多家庭住房、邻里噪音等。分析确定了一些与幼儿睡眠和就寝时间相关的可改变的育儿做法（例如，不规则的就寝时间、晚睡、不一致的就寝时间、在床上使用电子设备等），这些做法可以在育儿和家庭为基础的肥胖预防干预中得到解决。干预措施应考虑巴西移民家庭所面临的家庭/家庭的社会背景（例如父母的工作安排）和环境（例如多家庭住房；邻里噪音等），并根据这些因素制定适合该族裔的健康促进信息和育儿干预措施。
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