Gould Juli R, Aflague Breanne, Murphy Theresa C, McCartin Luke, Elkinton Joseph S, Rim Kaitlin, Duan Jian J
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 1398 West Truck Road, Buzzards Bay, MA.
Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA.
Environ Entomol. 2018 Dec 7;47(6):1440-1450. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvy121.
We describe approaches to addressing the perennial challenge of collecting a sufficient diversity of nontarget insects for host-specificity testing of candidate biocontrol agents of invasive wood-borers such as the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Multifunnel and intercept traps, retrofitted to maintain live insects and baited with cerambycid-specific pheromone lures, were deployed in diverse forests in southeastern Massachusetts. We collected 1,288 adult beetles comprising 56 species, mostly from the subfamilies targeted by the lures (Cerambycinae and Lamiinae). The type of trap and tree species in which the trap was hung did not seem to affect the species caught. Methods used to induce egg laying and techniques to rear cerambycid larvae are described. Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is the most common Asian longhorned beetle parasitoid in China; therefore, we conducted tests to determine whether cerambycids native to North America would be at risk should this species be released. D. helophoroides attacked all six species tested: Monochamus scutellatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), Monochamus notatus (Drury) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), Apriona rugicollis Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Graphisurus fasciatus (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), and Neoclytus acuminatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae). Parasitism of native cerambycids was not statistically different from parasitism of Asian longhorned beetle, except for N. acuminatus, which is a considerably smaller species than Asian longhorned beetle, and for M. notatus and M. scutellatus, which attack pine trees rather than hardwood trees like Asian longhorned beetle and the other native species tested. Our testing indicates that many native cerambycids would be vulnerable to D. helophoroides and we conclude that D. helophoroides should not be considered for release as a biocontrol agent in North America.
我们描述了一些方法，以应对收集足够多样的非目标昆虫这一长期挑战，用于对诸如亚洲长角天牛（Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)，鞘翅目：天牛科）等入侵性蛀木害虫的候选生物防治剂进行寄主特异性测试。改装后的多漏斗陷阱和拦截陷阱用于维持昆虫存活，并使用天牛科特异性性信息素诱捕器作为诱饵，在马萨诸塞州东南部的不同森林中进行部署。我们收集了1288只成年甲虫，分属于56个物种，大部分来自诱捕器针对的亚科（天牛亚科和沟胫天牛亚科）。陷阱类型和悬挂陷阱的树种似乎并不影响所捕获的物种。文中描述了诱导产卵的方法以及饲养天牛幼虫的技术。花绒寄甲（Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire)，鞘翅目：寄甲科）是中国最常见的亚洲长角天牛寄生蜂；因此，我们进行了测试，以确定如果释放该物种，北美本土的天牛是否会受到威胁。花绒寄甲攻击了所有测试的6个物种：黄褐幽天牛（Monochamus scutellatus (Say)，鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科）、光肩星天牛（Monochamus notatus (Drury)，鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科）、桑天牛（Apriona rugicollis Chevrolat，鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科）、红腹脊虎天牛（Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman)，鞘翅目：天牛科：天牛亚科）、带纹虎天牛（Graphisurus fasciatus (DeGeer)，鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科）和尖缘锯天牛（Neoclytus acuminatus (F.)，鞘翅目：天牛科：天牛亚科）。除了体型比亚洲长角天牛小得多的尖缘锯天牛，以及攻击松树而非像亚洲长角天牛和其他测试本土物种那样攻击硬木树的光肩星天牛和黄褐幽天牛外，本土天牛的寄生率与亚洲长角天牛的寄生率在统计学上没有差异。我们的测试表明，许多本土天牛易受花绒寄甲攻击，因此我们得出结论，不应考虑在北美释放花绒寄甲作为生物防治剂。
