Reduced insulin sensitivity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type II diabetes. Est-radiol increases sensitivity to insulin. Effect of estradiol may be due to the influence on gene expression, level of proteins or activity of insulin signaling pathway components and insulin target proteins. Effect of estradiol also may be due to the influence on GLUT4 translocation in the cell membrane. Effects of estradiol on insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, protein kinase B, glucose transporter type 4, glucose-6-phosphatase most often examined. In this paper, data on the influence of estradiol on insulin sensitivity in liver, adipose and muscle tissues systematized in order to identify promising areas of research and new targets for pharmacological correction of insulin resistance.