Switching Harmful Algal Blooms to Submerged Macrophytes in Shallow Waters Using Geo-engineering Methods: Evidence from a N Tracing Study.

Switching the dominance from algae to macrophytes is crucial for lake management of human-induced eutrophication. Nutrients from algal sources can be utilized in the process of transition from algal blooms to macrophytes, thereby mitigating eutrophication. However, this process rarely occurs in algal bloom dominated waters. Here, we examined the hypothesis that the transition of algal blooms to macrophytes and the transfer of nutrients from algae at different temperatures (8 and 25 °C) can be facilitated by using a geo-engineering method. The results showed that the combination of flocculation and capping treatment could not only remove Microcystis aeruginosa blooms from eutrophic waters but also facilitate algal decomposition and incorporation into a submerged macrophyte ( Potamogeton crispus) biomass. The flocculation-capping treatment could trigger algal cell lysis. As compared with the control groups, the photosynthesis and respiration rate of algae were inhibited and chlorophyll-a (Chl- a) concentrations were significantly reduced in the flocculation-capping treatment groups. The N tracing study revealed that 3.3% and 34.8% of algae-derived nitrogen could be assimilated by Potamogeton crispus at 8 and 25 °C, respectively. The study demonstrated that the flocculation-capping method can facilitate the switchover from algae- to the macrophyte-dominated state, which is crucial for restoring the aquatic ecosystem.