Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.
J Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 15;218(suppl_3):S147-S153. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy488.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene are one part of a cholera control strategy. Household water treatment (HWT) in particular has been shown to improve the microbiological quality of stored water and reduce the disease burden. We conducted a systematic review of published and gray literature to determine the outcomes and impacts of HWT in preventing cholera specifically. Fourteen manuscripts with 18 evaluations of HWT interventions in cholera were identified. Overall, a moderate quality of evidence suggests that HWT interventions reduce the burden of disease in cholera outbreaks and the risk of disease transmission. Appropriate training for users and community health worker follow-up are necessary for use. Barriers to uptake include taste and odor concerns, and facilitators include prior exposure, ease of use, and links to preexisting development programming. Further research on local barriers and facilitators, HWT filters, scaling up existing development programs, program sustainability, integrating HWT and oral cholera vaccine, and monitoring in low-access emergencies is recommended.
水、环境卫生和个人卫生是霍乱控制策略的一部分。家庭水处理（HWT）尤其已被证明可以改善储存水的微生物质量并降低疾病负担。我们对已发表和灰色文献进行了系统审查，以确定 HWT 在预防霍乱方面的具体结果和影响。确定了 14 篇有 18 项 HWT 干预措施评估的文献。总体而言，有中等质量的证据表明，HWT 干预措施可降低霍乱暴发中的疾病负担和疾病传播风险。使用者的适当培训和社区卫生工作者的后续行动是必要的。采用的障碍包括味道和气味问题，而促进因素包括先前的暴露、易用性以及与现有发展规划的联系。建议进一步研究当地的障碍和促进因素、HWT 过滤器、扩大现有发展计划、项目可持续性、将 HWT 和口服霍乱疫苗相结合以及在低资源紧急情况下进行监测。
