Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029.
Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
J Neurosci. 2018 Nov 7;38(45):9700-9711. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1457-18.2018. Epub 2018 Sep 24.
The G2019S mutation in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 () is a prevalent cause of late-onset Parkinson's disease, producing psychiatric and motor symptoms, including depression, that are indistinguishable from sporadic cases. Here we tested how this mutation impacts depression-related behaviors and associated synaptic responses and plasticity in mice expressing a -G2019S knock-in mutation. Young adult male G2019S knock-in and wild-type mice were subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), a validated depression model, and other tests of anhedonia, anxiety, and motor learning. We found that G2019S mice were highly resilient to CSDS, failing to exhibit social avoidance compared to wild-type mice, many of which exhibited prominent social avoidance and were thus susceptible to CSDS. In the absence of CSDS, no behavioral differences between genotypes were found. Whole-cell recordings of spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in the nucleus accumbens revealed that glutamatergic synapses in G2019S mice lacked functional calcium-permeable AMPARs, and following CSDS, failed to accumulate inwardly rectifying AMPAR responses characteristic of susceptible mice. Based on this abnormal AMPAR response profile, we asked whether long-term potentiation (LTP) of corticostriatal synaptic strength was affected. We found that both D receptor (DR)- and DR-SPNs in G2019S mutants were unable to express LTP, with DR-SPNs abnormally expressing long-term depression following an LTP-induction protocol. Thus, G2019S promotes resilience to chronic social stress in young adulthood, likely reflecting synapses constrained in their ability to undergo experience-dependent plasticity. These unexpected findings may indicate early adaptive coping mechanisms imparted by the G2019S mutation. The G2019S mutation in causes late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). is highly expressed in striatal neurons throughout life, but it is unclear how mutant affects striatal neuron function and behaviors in young adulthood. We addressed this question using -G2019S knock-in mice. The data show that young adult G2019S mice were unusually resilient to a depression-like syndrome resulting from chronic social stress. Further, mutant striatal synapses were incapable of forms of synaptic plasticity normally accompanying depression-like behavior and important for supporting the full range of cognitive function. These data suggest that in humans, mutation may affect striatal circuit function in ways that alter normal responses to stress and could be relevant for treatment strategies for non-motor PD symptoms.
G2019S 突变在富含亮氨酸重复激酶 2 () 中是导致晚发性帕金森病的常见原因,可产生精神和运动症状,包括与散发性病例无法区分的抑郁症。在这里,我们测试了这种突变如何影响与抑郁相关的行为以及在表达 -G2019S 基因敲入突变的小鼠中的相关突触反应和可塑性。年轻成年雄性 G2019S 基因敲入和野生型小鼠接受慢性社会挫败应激 (CSDS),这是一种经过验证的抑郁症模型,以及其他快感缺失、焦虑和运动学习测试。我们发现 G2019S 小鼠对 CSDS 具有高度的弹性,与野生型小鼠相比,它们没有表现出社交回避,而许多野生型小鼠表现出明显的社交回避,因此容易受到 CSDS 的影响。在没有 CSDS 的情况下,两种基因型之间没有发现行为差异。在伏隔核中的棘突投射神经元 (SPNs) 的全细胞记录显示,G2019S 小鼠的谷氨酸能突触缺乏功能性钙通透性 AMPARs,并且在 CSDS 后,无法积累易感性小鼠特有的内向整流 AMPAR 反应。基于这种异常的 AMPAR 反应谱,我们询问皮质纹状体突触强度的长时程增强 (LTP) 是否受到影响。我们发现,G2019S 突变体中的 D 型受体 (DR) -SPNs 和 DR-SPNs 均无法表达 LTP,而在 LTP 诱导方案后,DR-SPNs 异常表达长时程抑郁。因此,G2019S 促进了年轻成年期慢性社会应激的弹性,这可能反映了突触在经历依赖性可塑性方面的能力受到限制。这些意外的发现可能表明 G2019S 突变赋予了早期适应性应对机制。在 中发现的 G2019S 突变导致迟发性帕金森病 (PD)。 在整个生命过程中高度表达于纹状体神经元,但尚不清楚突变的 如何影响年轻成年期纹状体神经元的功能和行为。我们使用 -G2019S 基因敲入小鼠解决了这个问题。数据显示,年轻成年 G2019S 小鼠对慢性社会应激引起的类似抑郁综合征具有异常的弹性。此外,突变纹状体突触无法进行通常伴随类似抑郁行为的突触可塑性形式,而这些形式对于支持认知功能的全部范围是重要的。这些数据表明,在人类中, 突变可能以改变对压力的正常反应的方式影响纹状体回路功能,并且可能与非运动性 PD 症状的治疗策略相关。