Diepgen T L, Geldmacher-von Mallinckrodt M
Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1986;9:154-8. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-71248-7_18.
Paraoxon, 0,0-diethyl-0-p-nitrophenylphosphate is the highly toxic metabolite of parathion. The activity of paraoxonase, the enzyme which hydrolyses paraoxon in human serum shows a genetically influenced polymorphism with strong interethnic differences. The serum paraoxonase genotype has a significant influence on the paraoxon clearance and consequently on the toxic action of paraoxon and some related organophosphates and definitively protects the serum cholinesterase. Persons with low paraoxonase activity seem to be more endangered when handling parathion and related insecticides. More than 50% of all Europeans can be included in this group. The distribution of paraoxonase activity in human serum will be shown for samples which were collected from all over the world. As one moves from Europe in the direction of Africa and Asia the percentage of the low activity group decreases and was not even demonstrable in some tribes.
对氧磷，即0,0 - 二乙基 - 0 - 对硝基苯基磷酸酯，是对硫磷的高毒代谢产物。对氧磷酶是一种可水解人血清中对氧磷的酶，其活性呈现出受遗传影响的多态性，且存在显著的种族间差异。血清对氧磷酶基因型对对氧磷清除率有显著影响，进而影响对氧磷及一些相关有机磷的毒性作用，并能明确保护血清胆碱酯酶。对氧磷酶活性低的人在接触对硫磷及相关杀虫剂时似乎更易受到危害。超过50%的欧洲人属于这一群体。将展示从世界各地采集的样本中人类血清对氧磷酶活性的分布情况。从欧洲向非洲和亚洲方向移动时，则低活性组的百分比会降低，在一些部落中甚至无法检测到。
