a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil.
b Sport & Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019 May;44(5):546-556. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0542. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
We investigated the effect of postmatch cold-water immersion (CWI) on markers of muscle damage, neuromuscular fatigue, and perceptual responses within 72 h after a rugby match. Twenty-two professional male rugby players were randomized into CWI (10 °C/10 min; = 11) or control (CON: 30 min seated; = 11) groups. Activity profile from Global Positioning Satellite systems and postmatch rating of perceived exertion were measured to determined match load. Biochemical (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6), neuromuscular performance (squat (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ), peak power output (PPO), rate of force development (RFD), stiffness, 10- and 30-m sprint time, and perceptual markers (soreness, perceived recovery) were obtained before and immediately after the match, and then at 30 min, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after the match. Magnitude-based inference and Cohen's effect size (ES) were used to analyze change over time and between groups. Thus, the higher/beneficial, similar/trivial, or lower/harmful differences were evaluated as follows: <1%, ; 1% to 5%, ; 5% to 25%, ; 25% to 75%, ; 75% to 95%, ; 95% to 99%, ; >99%, almost certainly. Changes were for the match loads, sprint times, and perceptual markers between groups. Higher %ΔSJ at 24 h ( (ES = 0.75)) and in %ΔPPO_SJ at 48 h ( (ES = 0.51)) were observed in CWI than in CON. Values in %ΔRDF_CMJ were higher immediately after ( (ES = 0.83)), 30 min after ( (ES = 0.97)), and 24 h after the match ( (ES = 0.93)) in CWI than in CON. Furthermore, %Δlog TNF-α were lower in the CWI group than in the CON group immediately after ( (ES = -0.76)), 24 h after ( (ES = -1.09)), and 72 h after the match ( (ES = -0.51)), and in Δstiffness_SJ at 30 min after ( (ES = -0.67)) and 48 h after the match ( (ES = -0.97)). Also, different within-groups effects throughout postmatch were reported. Implementing postmatch CWI-based strategies improved the recovery of markers of inflammation and fatigue in rugby players, despite no change in markers of speed or perceptual recovery.
我们研究了赛后冷水浸泡（CWI）对橄榄球比赛后 72 小时内肌肉损伤、神经肌肉疲劳和感觉反应标志物的影响。22 名职业男性橄榄球运动员被随机分为 CWI（10°C/10 分钟；n=11）或对照组（CON：30 分钟坐姿；n=11）。使用全球定位系统（GPS）活动分析和赛后感觉用力评估来确定比赛负荷。生化标志物（肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6）、神经肌肉表现（深蹲（SJ）和反向跳跃（CMJ）、峰值功率输出（PPO）、力量发展速率（RFD）、僵硬、10 米和 30 米冲刺时间以及感觉标志物（酸痛、感觉恢复）在比赛前后立即进行测量，然后在比赛后 30 分钟、24 小时、48 小时和 72 小时进行测量。基于幅度的推断和 Cohen 的效应量（ES）用于分析随时间的变化和组间差异。因此，将更高/有益、相似/微不足道或更低/有害的差异评估为以下情况：<1%， ；1%至 5%， ；5%至 25%， ；25%至 75%， ；75%至 95%， ；95%至 99%， ；>99%，几乎肯定。组间的比赛负荷、冲刺时间和感觉标志物有变化。CWI 组在 24 小时时 SJ 的 %ΔSJ 更高（（ES = 0.75）），在 48 小时时 SJ 的 %ΔPPO_SJ 更高（（ES = 0.51））。CWI 组在立即（（ES = 0.83））、30 分钟后（（ES = 0.97））和 24 小时后（（ES = 0.93））的 %ΔRDF_CMJ 更高。此外，CWI 组在比赛后即刻（（ES = -0.76））、24 小时后（（ES = -1.09））和 72 小时后（（ES = -0.51））的 %Δlog TNF-α 更低，在 30 分钟后（（ES = -0.67））和 48 小时后（（ES = -0.97））的 SJ 僵硬度变化率更低。此外，还报告了组内不同的变化。尽管在速度或感觉恢复方面没有变化，但实施赛后 CWI 策略可以改善橄榄球运动员的炎症和疲劳标志物的恢复。
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